Washington's Presidency: Cabinet, Policies, and Early Challenges in U.S. History

Who were the first three cabinet members appointed by George Washington?

Thomas Jefferson (State), Alexander Hamilton (Treasury), Henry Knox (War)

Who was the first chief justice of the Supreme Court?

John Jay

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

13 district courts, 6 circuit courts, and 6 Supreme Court justices

What are the Bill of Rights?

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution

What freedoms are protected by the first amendment?

Freedoms of conscience and expression

What rights are guaranteed by amendments 2-4?

Security rights of the individual

What do amendments 5-8 guarantee?

Fair judicial procedures for the accused

What were the main domestic issues during Washington's presidency?

Finances and the rise of political parties

What was Hamilton's plan regarding war debt?

To repay war debt through selling bonds and federal government assuming state debts

What was the purpose of establishing a national bank?

To issue uniform currency and offer business loans

What was the main concern of Madison and Jefferson regarding the national bank?

Its constitutionality and potential favoritism towards the North

What were the two opposing political groups that emerged in the 1790s?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

What did Federalists believe in?

A strong national government and loose interpretation of the Constitution

What did Democratic-Republicans advocate for?

A small, limited government and strict interpretation of the Constitution

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

A revolt by farmers against a tax on whiskey in 1794

What was the outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion?

Rebels were arrested, but Washington pardoned them

What was the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

A battle that led to Native American tribes giving up rights to southern Ohio

What was Washington's stance on foreign alliances?

He warned against making permanent alliances with foreign nations

What was the significance of the Jay Treaty?

It granted England preferred trading status and imposed limitations on American shipping

What did Washington warn about in his farewell address?

The dangers of political parties, accumulating debt, and foreign alliances