Biology 1310 Lecture 8 - Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Cell Structure

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts from the lecture on cell structure, specifically mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and the cytoskeleton.

What is the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated through endosymbiosis.

What are the main functions of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through processes such as the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the structural composition of a mitochondrion?

A mitochondrion is composed of a double bilayer, with cristae folds and a matrix.

How do mitochondria replicate and share resources?

Mitochondria replicate independently via binary fission and can fuse with each other to share resources.

What are the two main types of chloroplast structures?

Chloroplasts contain thylakoids (light reaction site) and stroma (Calvin cycle reaction site).

What substances do chloroplasts use to produce energy?

Chloroplasts use sunlight and water to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

What is the role of peroxisomes in cellular metabolism?

Peroxisomes help in the digestion of macromolecules and can break down hydrogen peroxide into harmless substances.

What are the three principal components of the cytoskeleton?

The three principal components of the cytoskeleton are microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

What is one function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules maintain cell shape and assist in cell motility and chromosome movement during cell division.

What unique feature do eukaryotic cell walls have?

Eukaryotic cell walls are thick structures, primarily made of carbohydrates, found in plant cells, fungi, and some unicellular eukaryotes.