Chapter 17: The Progressive Era Study Guide

Progressivism

Aimed to fix problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and corruption.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.

Upton Sinclair

Wrote The Jungle (about the meatpacking industry).

Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor's system to improve industrial efficiency.

Prohibition

Ban on alcohol; supported by WCTU and Anti-Saloon League, led to the 18th Amendment.

Square Deal

Roosevelt's plan for fairness between workers, businesses, and consumers.

Control of Corporations

Trustbusting (e.g., Northern Securities Company).

Consumer Protection

Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act.

Conservation

Protected forest lands, National Reclamation Act.

1902 Coal Strike

Roosevelt supported laborers, a first for a president.

Railroad Regulation

Elkins Act and Hepburn Act increased federal regulation.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Didn't lower tariffs much; disappointed reformers.

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Taft fired a conservationist, upsetting progressives.

Republican Split

Roosevelt formed the Bull Moose Party in 1912.

Wilson's New Freedom

Focused on reforming trusts, tariffs, and banking.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Strengthened protections for labor unions.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Investigated unfair business practices.

Underwood Tariff

Lowered tariffs.

16th Amendment

Federal income tax.

Federal Reserve System

Stabilized the banking system.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Led the women's suffrage movement.

19th Amendment

Women's right to vote (1920).