Functional Organization of the Nervous System

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on the functional organization of the nervous system.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Consists of nerves and receptors which connect the nervous system to the rest of the body.

Neurons

The communicating cells of the nervous system, utilizing electrical and chemical signals.

Sensory Division of PNS

Carries information from receptors to the CNS.

Motor Division of PNS

Carries commands from the CNS to effectors.

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Cells that support and protect neurons.

Sensory Neurons

Monitor internal and external environments, providing sensory information.

Interneurons

Neurons located in the brain and spinal cord that distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity.

Motor Neurons

Carry instructions from the CNS to peripheral effectors.

Ependymal Cells

Form epithelium called ependyma and secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Schwann Cells

Form myelin sheath around peripheral axons, aiding in myelination.

Sensory Modalities

Different types of sensations, including touch, pain, vision, and hearing.

Adaptation

Reduction of receptor sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.

Proprioceptors

Receptors that provide information about body position and movement.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain that monitors and coordinates movement.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates fight-or-flight responses.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes rest-and-digest functions.