APUSH American Pageant Ch. 31 Comprehensive Review

What did President Harding once cry in anguish in relation to the presidency?

"God! What a job!"

What was the term used to describe the cronies that surrounded Harding during his presidency?

The "Ohio Gang"

Which three appointed officials were listed as the good members of Harding's cabinet? What were their positions?

Hughes (Secretary of State), Mellon (Secretary of the Treasury), and Hoover (Secretary of Commerce)

What was Andrew Mellon's gift to the nation?

paintings

Which two appointed officials were listed as the bad members of Harding's cabinet? What were their positions?

Fall (Secretary of the Interior) and Daugherty (Attorney General)

Who was Harding's fortunate choice for Supreme Court justice?

William Taft

Which landmark Supreme Court case overturned Muller v. Oregon (1908), which provided for special protection for women in the labor force?

Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)

What act encouraged private consolidation of the railroads? What government institution was pledged to guarantee the profitability of the railroads?

Esch-Cummins Act of 1920

Interstate Commerce Commission

What act authorized the Shipping Board to dispose of the wartime fleet of 1,500 vessels at bargain prices?

Merchant Marine Act of 1920

What newly established government institution ordered a 12% wage cut? Who clamped injunctions on the workers went on strike as a result?

Railway Labor Board

Attorney General Harry Daugherty

What government institution was established to provide rehabilitation for men who had served in World War I?

Veterans Bureau

What was one famous pressure group formed by veterans of WWI? What did they demand to make up for the wages they had lost while overseas?

The American Legion

"adjusted compensation"

What act gave every former WWI soldier a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 years? How much did it add to the price of the war?

Adjusted Compensation Act (1924)

$3.5 billion

What was the name for the people sent to Geneva, Switzerland to attend League of Nations meetings without being directly involved?

"unofficial observers"

What commodity was said to be "as necessary as blood" in the battles of tomorrow?

"black gold" (oil)

At what conference did Secretary Hughes announce a plan for a 10-year "holiday" on battleship construction? Which notable country was not invited to this conference?

The Washington "Disarmament" Conference

Bolshevik Russia

What was the prescribed ratio of the United States to Britain to Japan as far as battleships and such? What did it sound like to the Japanese ambassador?

5:5:3

"Rolls-Royce, Rolls-Royce, Ford"

In which treaty was compensation given to Japan? Which treaty replaced the twenty-year-old Anglo-Japanese alliance? Which treaty nailed open the "Open Door" in China?

The Five-Power Treaty

The Four-Power Treaty

The Nine-Power Treaty

Which countries were part of the Four-Power Treaty?

Britain, Japan, France, and America

What was the nickname for China in the 1920's?

"The Sick Man of the Far East"

What did Americans clamor for in the late 20's in relation to world conflict? What agreement came largely as a result of this clamoring? What was it officially known as?

the "outlawry of war"

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Pact of Paris

What was the name of the 1922 tariff that raised the rates of the Underwood Tariff substantially? How much could the President, along with the tariff commission, raise or lower rates by?

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

50%

Who was the head of the Veterans Bureau who was caught, along with his accomplices, stealing $200 million and sentenced to two years in a federal penitentiary?

Charles R. Forbes

What was the most shocking scandal of the Harding administration? Who was the mastermind of it all? What were the names of the oilmen who leased the oil reserves through bribery?

Teapot Dome Scandal

Albert Fall

Sinclair and Doheny

What were two cynical sayings that emerged after Sinclair and Doheny were not convicted?

"You can't put a million dollars in jail" and "In America everyone is assumed guilty until proven rich"

What Cabinet member was forced to resign after a Senate investigation of illegal pardon and liquor permit sales?

Harry Daugherty

What caused Harding's death?

pneumonia and thrombosis

What were three nicknames for Calvin Coolidge given in the chapter? What was he allegedly weaned on?

"Silent Cal", "Cautious Cal", and "Sphinx of the Potomac"

"a pickle"

Following the Republican philosophy of business, what did Coolidge become? What did he say about factories and factory workers?

"high priest of the great god Business"

"the man who builds a factory builds a temple" and "the man who works there worships there"

What held during the entirety of Coolidge's presidency?

"Coolidge luck"

What was the McCormick reaper of cultivation and sowing? Where was this invention especially popular?

the gasoline-engine tractor

the "wheat belt"

What act exempted farmers' marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution? What was the favorite proposal of the "farm bloc" that authorized the government to buy up crop surpluses and sell them abroad?

Capper-Volstead Act

McNary-Haugen Bill

What was the campaign chant of Republicans during the 1924 election?

"Keep Cool and Keep Coolidge"

Who did the Democrats unenthusiastically nominate in 1924?

John W. Davis

Who ran as a liberal candidate of the new Progressive party? From what group did he enjoy most of his support from?

Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette

farmers

What was the judicial branch of the League of Nations that the United States did not adhere to?

The World Court

From which Latin American country were American troops withdrawn after an 8-year stay? In which two Latin American countries did American troops stay until the 30's?

Dominican Republic

Haiti and Nicaragua

What did angry Hispanic critics assail because of American involvement in Latin America?

"yanqui imperialism"

What plan assisted Germany in their wartime reparation payments?

Dawes Plan

What was the only debtor country that didn't default after Hoover declared a one-year debt moratorium?

"honest little Finland"

How was Uncle Sam caricatured throughout Europe?

as "Uncle Shylock"

What did the Republican masses ask in support of Herbert Hoover during the presidential election of 1928?

"Hoo but Hoover?"

Who was the four-time governor of New York who was nominated as the Democratic candidate in the 1928 election? What were his nicknames?

Alfred E. Smith

"Al(cohol)" Smith and "the Happy Warrior"

Where was Hoover from? Where was he educated?

Iowa and Oregon

Stanford

What did Hoover decry? What did he preach?

"socialism"

"rugged individualism"

What did close associates loyalty call Hoover?

"the Chief"

What was Al Smith's theme song? What did opponents call a vote for Smith? What were the three R's associated with Catholicism?

"The Sidewalks of New York" (he was a "city slicker")

"a Vote for the Pope"

"Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"

Who was the only Republican presidential candidate before Hoover to carry a state that had seceded since 1876? Which state? How many of the formerly seceded states did Hoover carry?

Harding

Tennessee

5

What were the tens of thousands Democrats who voted for Hoover known as?

"Hoovercrats"

What were a standard feature of American politics before the advent of television?

"whistle-stop" campaigns

What act served as the Hoover administration's response to the outcry of struggling farmers? What government institution was set up by this act and given half a billion dollars to deal with crop surpluses?

Agricultural Marketing Act

Federal Farm Board

What two institutions, established by the Federal Farm Board, were intended to buy up surpluses but ultimately failed in this goal?

Grain Stabilization Corporation and Cotton Stabilization Corporation

What tariff raised the average duty to the highest level in America's peacetime history in an attempt to assist the farmers?

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

What was the name given to the day in which over 16 million shares of stocks were sold, triggering the Great Depression?

Black Tuesday

What was a "sick joke" of the time that hotel room clerks asked people renting rooms after the stock market crash?

"For sleeping or jumping?"

What song replaced "My God, How the Money Rolls In"?

"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"

What were two nicknames for the Great Depression that captured the idea that it was a depression of abundance, not want?

"great glut" and "plague of plenty"

What was a nickname given to the 30's as a result of the impoverished state of the nation?

the "threadbare thirties"

What did panhandlers (aka "ragged individualists") beg for during the depression? What did they sleep under? What was the name for the shantytowns in which they lived?

"charity soup"

"Hoover blankets" (old newspapers)

"Hoovervilles"

According to one Wall Street professional, who would have had the same economic problems as Hoover?

Jesus Christ

What were Hoover's somewhat ironic nicknames?

the "Great Humanitarian" and "Great Engineer"

What did Hoover's relief expenditures pave the way for?

Roosevelt's New Deal

What public enterprise was voted by the Hoover administration to provide irrigation and electricity?

Hoover Dam

What legislation was vetoed by Hoover because he disapproved of the government selling electricity? What government body was it later embraced by?

Muscle Shoals Bill

FDR's Tennessee Valley Authority

What agency became a government lending bank? What were its nicknames? What were its loans called?

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

"billion-dollar soup kitchen" and "the millionaires' dole"

"pump-priming" loans

What act outlawed antiunion contracts? What was another word for antiunion?

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

"yellow-dog"

According to Hoover, what did Congress do during his administration?

"played politics with human misery"

What was the name given to the 20,000 veterans who marched on Washington to demand full payment of their payment due in 1945? Who carried out their eviction using bayonets and tear gas? What was the ensuing conflict called?

The "Bonus Expeditionary Force" (BEF)

General Douglas MacArthur

The "Battle of Anacostia Flats"

What did Hoover allegedly do to the country, according to many Americans? (three D's)

"ditched, drained, and damned the country"

What portion of Asia did Japan illegally lunge into? What could have potentially stopped Japan?

Manchuria (China)

a tight blockade by the League of Nations (backed by the US)

What doctrine declared that the US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force?

The Stimson doctrine

What Chinese city was bombed by the Japanese in 1932?

Shanghai

What foreign affairs ideology became much less popular during the Great Depression? What was abandoned by Hoover?

economic imperialism

The Roosevelt Corollary

What country did Hoover make a pact with promising to withdraw American military forces? What was the nickname for marines of the time? What policy did Hoover engineer the foundation stones of?

Haiti

"leathernecks"

Good Neighbor policy

Has your desire to give Jack Dugoni a kiss increased since the beginning of this Quizlet set?

Yes