American & French Revolution Key Causes, Effects, and Leaders

What were the main causes of the American Revolution?

Policies like the Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, taxation without representation, the French and Indian War, the Boston Tea Party, and the Boston Massacre.

What was the impact of the Declaration of Independence?

It declared the U.S. as an independent nation, emphasized that all people are created equal, and established the principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

How does the U.S. Congress operate?

It consists of two chambers: the Senate, which provides equal representation for each state, and the House of Representatives, which represents the state's population.

What are the differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

Federalists supported a strong central government, while Anti-Federalists advocated for state governments and the inclusion of a Bill of Rights.

What are Checks and Balances in the U.S. government?

Checks and Balances limit the power of each branch of government to prevent any one branch from overpowering the others.

What is the Separation of Powers?

It divides the government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

What were the main causes of the French Revolution?

Social inequality, economic hardship, a bad monarchy, and the influence of republican and Enlightenment ideas.

What were the effects of the French Revolution?

The rise of social equality, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and the establishment of republican ideas.

What was the significance of the Storming of the Bastille?

It marked the beginning of the French Revolution.

Who were King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

They were the King and Queen of France, whose extravagant spending led to public frustration and ultimately their beheading.

What were the Three Estates in France?

Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners.

Who made up the Clergy estate?

Archbishops, abbots, parish priests, monks, and nuns.

Who made up the Nobility estate?

Dukes, Princes, Counts, Marquises, landed gentry, judicial nobility officers, and army leaders.

Who made up the Commoners estate?

Peasants and everyone else.

Who was Maximilien Robespierre?

He was a leader of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution.

What was the Reign of Terror?

A period during the French Revolution characterized by mass executions and political purges.

Who was Napoleon?

A military general who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and later became the Emperor of France.

What was Napoleon's overall impact on France?

He led France to military victories, centralized the government, expanded French influence, and reformed the legal system through the Napoleonic Code.