Twigs n Branches Dendro

Terminal/apical

Bud growing at the tip of the twig

Lateral/axial/auxillary

Bud growing on the sides of the twig

Leaf scar

Site of prior leaf attachment

Stipule scar

Site of prior stipule attachment

Free lateral

Stipule consisting of small and greenish outgrowths on each side of the leaf base.

Foliaceous

Stipules that are large, green, and leaf-like in structure.

Adnate

The two stipules adhere to the petiole to a certain height and the structure is winglike in appearance.

Spinous

Stipule that are spines, such as in black locust.

Thorns

Modified branches/stems (autumn olive, Osage-Orange, hawthorn, honeylocust, pear)

Spines

Modified leaves (black locust)

Prickles

extensions of cortex/epidermis (devil’s walkingstick, roses, blackberry, raspberry, greenbriar)

Bristles

long, stiff hairs (bristly locust)