Chemistry Final

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

VSEPR

Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends

Ionic compounds

Higher melting point

Law of conservation of mass

Chemical equations mass cannot be created or destroyed

Physical change

A change in state of matter (Water to ice)

Chemical change

A substance is changed into a new one

The temperature changes

a gas is produced

a precipitate forms

the color changes

How to know if a chemical reaction has taken place

Oxidation numbers

Oxidation numbers

Lone and bond pairs

Lone and bond pairs

Linear

2 bond pairs

0 lone pairs

180 degrees

Bent

2 bond pairs

1 or 2 lone pairs

120 degrees

Trigonal Planar

3 bond pairs

0 lone pairs

120 degrees

Trigonal Pyramidal

3 bond pairs

1 lone pair

109.5 degrees

Tetrahedral

4 bond pairs

0 lone pairs

109.5 degrees

Ionic

Covalent

Metallic

3 main types of chemical bonds

chemical reaction

a process where one or more elements or compounds are changed into different substances

product

the new substances

on the right side of a chemical reaction

reactant

the original substances

on the left side of a chemical reaction

chemical equation

what happens in a chemical reaction

counting moles and atoms

counting moles and atoms

3

number of moles in 3CH₄

15

number of atoms in 3CH₄

synthesis

two or more substances combine to form a new compound

decomposition

a compound decomposes into two or more simpler substances

combustion

a substance will combine with oxygen, and in the process give off energy in the form of light and heat

single replacement

one element replaces another element in a compound

double replacement

two ionic compounds exchange ions in solution to form two new compounds