Short-Term Blood Pressure Control: NEURAL MECHANISMS (BARORECEPTOR REFLEX)

What are the effectors of the baroreceptor reflex?

heart and blood vessels

Baroreceptors come from what two places?

arch of the aorta and carotid sinuses

Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinuses and the arch of the aorta to make sure there is sufficient oxygenated blood going to your what?

brain

When there is a decrease in blood pressure detected by the baroreceptors, they send ________ signals to the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata.

fewer

When there is a decrease in blood pressure, the medulla oblongata INCREASES ___________ output to the heart and to the blood vessels and will DECREASE ___________ output to the heart to INCREASE heart rate and contractility

sympathetic, parasympathetic

When there is a decrease in blood pressure, the effectors—blood vessels and the heart—do what?

1) increase HR 2) increase contractility 3) increase constriction of blood vessels

The baroreceptor reflex is a _________ feedback mechanism

negative

When blood pressure INCREASES ______ increases resulting in more activation of the ____________ that send impulses to the ______________ ______ in the medulla oblongata.

stretch, baroreceptors, cardiovascular center

When blood pressure increases and the signal has been retrieved at the medulla oblongata _______________ output will INCREASE and _____________ output will DECREASE

parasympathetic, sympathetic

When blood pressure increases, a signal is retrieved at the medulla oblongata, telling the parasympathetic output to increase results in a decrease in ____ ____ and the sympathetic output to decrease results in a decrease in _____ _____ and _____________

heart rate, heart rate, contractility

What is the STIMULUS of the baroreceptor reflex?

Increase/Decrease in BP

What are the receptors of the baroreceptor reflex?

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and arch of the aorta

What is the control center in the baroreceptor reflex?

Cardiovascular (CV) Center

What areas in the heart are the effectors for the baroreceptor reflex?

1) SA node 2) AV node 3) Ventricular tissue

What is the response of the baroreceptor reflex?

Increase/Decrease in BP

The ________________ _____ (CN ___) carries signals from the carotid sinus to the cardiovascular center in the brain stem.

glossopharyngeal nerve, IX

The ______ _____ (CN __) is a double agent carrying signals from the aortic arch to the cardiovascular center (sensory) in the brainstem, while also sending parasympathetic signals to the AV and SA node (motor).

vegas nerve, X

When decreased blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors and sent to the CV center this stimulates _____ receptors in the heart increasing heart rate and contractility and stimulation of _____ receptors in blood vessel smooth muscle.

beta, alpha