QMS Module 1

Quality

Quality

Relating to desirable characteristics that a product or service should have, influencing consumer decisions and business success.

Garvin’s Dimensions of Quality

A framework including performance, reliability, durability, serviceability, aesthetics, features, perceived quality, and conformance to standards.

Quality of Design

How a product is planned and made to stand out.

Quality of Conformance

How well a product matches its original design.

Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) Characteristics

Elements determining how well a product meets user expectations.

Variable Data

Discrete data used in quality measurement.

Attribute Data

Continuous measurements used in quality assessment.

Specification Limits

Define the desired performance levels for a quality characteristic.

Over-the-wall Approach

A traditional design method where specifications are set without considering manufacturing processes.

Concurrent Engineering

A collaborative design approach involving multiple disciplines from the start of the product design process.

Statistical Process Control (SPC)

Techniques used to monitor and control a process to ensure quality.

Control Charts

A primary SPC technique that plots averages of measurements over time to monitor process stability.

Designed Experiments

Systematic variations of input factors to understand their impact on output quality.

Acceptance Sampling

Inspection method to classify samples from a batch to decide on acceptance or rejection.

Quality Management System (QMS)

A structured system for ensuring quality planning, assurance, and control.

Deming’s 14 Points

A set of principles for quality improvement emphasizing long-term focus and management responsibility.

Juran Trilogy

A framework focusing on planning, control, and improvement in quality management.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

An organizational strategy for managing quality improvement activities.

ISO 9000 Series

A set of international standards for quality management systems.

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA)

An award recognizing US organizations for performance excellence.

Six Sigma

A quality methodology aimed at reducing variability and defects in products.

Quality Costs

Financial implications of quality management, including prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure costs.

Pareto Analysis

A technique used to identify key areas for quality improvement based on the principle that a small number of causes often lead to the majority of problems.

Fredrick W. Taylor

Introduced scientific management principles; considered the Father of Scientific Management.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Performed extended work on motion studies and work design.

Walter E. Shewhart

Responsible for the statistical control chart and the PDCA cycle.

Harold F. Dodge and Harry G. Romig

Developed acceptance sampling as an alternative to 100% inspection.

Center line, upper control limit, and lower control limit

The components of a control chart include…

Two-factor example and three-factor example experiments

Types of factorial design experiments

Acceptance sampling

The inspection and classification samples from a larger batch to decide if the whole lot should be accepted or rejected.

Outgoing inspection

This type of inspection is performed post-production, before shipping.

Incoming inspection

This inspection is applied to batches received from suppliers.

Rectifying inspection

This inspection involves scrapping, recycling, reworking, or replacing rejected units.

Quality planning

Involves identifying customers, both internal and external, and identifying their needs

Quality assurance

The set of activities that ensures the quality levels of products and services are properly maintained and that supplier and customer quality issues are properly resolved

Quality control and improvement

The set of activities used to ensure that the products and services meet requirements and are improved on a continuous basis