Autonomic Nervous System

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35 Terms

1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

consists of the brain and spinal cord; integrative and control centers of the body

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2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

includes cranial and spinal nerves; serves as communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body

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3

Somatic Nervous System

part of the peripheral nervous system that conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles; under somatic motor / voluntary control

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4

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls visceral motor / involuntary actions; conducts impulses from the central nervous system to its effector organs, including cardiac and smooth muscles and glands

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5

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

functions to assists the body in maintaining a constant internal environment (homeostasis)

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6

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

participates in appropriate and coordinated responses to external stimuli that are required for the optimal functioning of the somatic nervous system in performing voluntary behaviors

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7

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

allows one to efficiently and effectively adapt to environmental stressors and other challenges, though survival without it is possible

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8

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

plays a role in the body’s response to an emotional experience

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9

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

changes to and abnormal activity from this component of the nervous system contribute to diseases, including hypertension and heart failure, as well as neurological disorders

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10

Sensory / Afferent Division

carries sensory nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS

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11

Motor / Efferent Division

carries motor nerve impulses from CNS to effector organs

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12

Motor / Efferent Division

this is further divided into two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

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13

Sympathetic Division

part of the ANS that mobilizes body systems during activity, often referred to as the "fight or flight" system.

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14

Parasympathetic Division

part of the ANS that conserves energy and promotes "rest and digest" activities

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15

Preganglionic and Postganglionic Neurons

the two neurons that make up the peripheral motor portions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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16

Preganglionic Neuron

this is located in the Central Nervous System (CNS) as part of the spinal cord (brain stem or in thoracolumbar sacral division, these have axons which are small-diameter, myelinated, relatively slow conducting B fibers

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17

Postganglionic Neuron

this is located in one of the autonomic ganglia. axons of these neurons are mostly unmyelinated C fibers and terminate on the visceral effectors

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18

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons and preganglionic neurons in the ANS.

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19

Norepinephrine (NE)

Neurotransmitter typically released by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division.

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20

Cholinergic Transmission

Transmission that uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.

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21

Adrenergic Transmission

Transmission that uses norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter.

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22

Homeostasis

The main function of the ANS is to assist in maintaining a constant internal environment.

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23

Divergence in ANS

Refers to the extensive branching of preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division.

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24

Muscarinic Receptors

Receptors for acetylcholine located at parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions.

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25

Nicotinic Receptors

Receptors for acetylcholine found at all neuromuscular junctions in the somatic nervous system.

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26

α-Receptors

Adrenergic receptors that can be stimulatory or inhibitory; involved in sympathetic responses.

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27

β-Receptors

Adrenergic receptors that are typically inhibitory except in the heart and kidneys.

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28

Thoracolumbar Division

The region of the spinal cord from which sympathetic neurons originate.

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29

Craniosacral Division

The region of the brainstem and sacral spinal cord from which parasympathetic neurons originate.

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30

Ganglia

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

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31

Neurotransmitter Release

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from a neuron to transmit a signal to another cell.

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32

Muscle Innervation

The supply of nerves to a specific muscle or group of muscles.

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33

Acetylcholine and Hormones

Chemical messengers released by postganglionic neurons in the ANS.

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34

Viracosities

Swelling along the axon of a neuron that contains neurotransmitter-filled vesicles.

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35

Epinephrine

A hormone released by the adrenal medulla during sympathetic activation.

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