Competition
________ occurs when individuals use the same resources- resulting in lower fitness for both.
Mutualism
________ occurs when two species interact in a way that confers fitness benefits to both.
Consumption
________ (including herbivory, predation, and parasitism) occurs when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another.
ecology
In ________, a weed is a plant that is adapted for growth in disturbed soils.
secondary succession
Fire and logging are examples of disturbances that initiate ________ on land.
Commensalism
________ occurs when one species benefits but the other species is unaffected.
fitness of an individual
The ________ is defined as its ability to produce viable, fertile offspring.
Character displacement
________ makes niche differentiation possible.
pest management
In agriculture and forestry,吐1e use of predators, herbivores, and parasites as biocontrol agents is a key part of integrated ________: strategies to maximize crop and forest productivity while using a minimum of insecticides or other types of potentially harmful compounds.
keystone species
A(n) ________ has a much greater impact on the distribu- tion and abundance of the surrounding species than its abundance and total biomass would suggest.
fundamental niche
A(n) ________ is the total theoretical range of environmental conditions that a species can tolerate.
character displacement
The evolutionary change that occurs in species traits, and that enables species to exploit different resources, is called ________.
In agriculture and forestry,吐1e use of predators, herbivores, and parasites as biocontrol agents is a key part of integrated pest management
strategies to maximize crop and forest productivity while using a minimum of insecticides or other types of potentially harmful compounds
A keystone species has a much greater impact on the distribu
tion and abundance of the surrounding species than its abundance and total biomass would suggest
Intraspecific competition
The competition that occurs between members of the same species
Realized niche
The portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies, given limiting factors
Niche differentiation
An evolutionary change in resource use, caused by competition over generations
Primary Succession
Occurs when a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms as well as organisms that live above the soil surface