Chapter 52: Community Ecology

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Competition

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18 Terms

1

Competition

________ occurs when individuals use the same resources- resulting in lower fitness for both.

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2

Mutualism

________ occurs when two species interact in a way that confers fitness benefits to both.

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3

Consumption

________ (including herbivory, predation, and parasitism) occurs when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another.

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4

ecology

In ________, a weed is a plant that is adapted for growth in disturbed soils.

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5

secondary succession

Fire and logging are examples of disturbances that initiate ________ on land.

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6

Commensalism

________ occurs when one species benefits but the other species is unaffected.

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7

fitness of an individual

The ________ is defined as its ability to produce viable, fertile offspring.

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8

Character displacement

________ makes niche differentiation possible.

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9

pest management

In agriculture and forestry,吐1e use of predators, herbivores, and parasites as biocontrol agents is a key part of integrated ________: strategies to maximize crop and forest productivity while using a minimum of insecticides or other types of potentially harmful compounds.

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10

keystone species

A(n) ________ has a much greater impact on the distribu- tion and abundance of the surrounding species than its abundance and total biomass would suggest.

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11

fundamental niche

A(n) ________ is the total theoretical range of environmental conditions that a species can tolerate.

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12

character displacement

The evolutionary change that occurs in species traits, and that enables species to exploit different resources, is called ________.

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13

In agriculture and forestry,吐1e use of predators, herbivores, and parasites as biocontrol agents is a key part of integrated pest management

strategies to maximize crop and forest productivity while using a minimum of insecticides or other types of potentially harmful compounds

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14

A keystone species has a much greater impact on the distribu

tion and abundance of the surrounding species than its abundance and total biomass would suggest

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15

Intraspecific competition

The competition that occurs between members of the same species

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16

Realized niche

The portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies, given limiting factors

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17

Niche differentiation

An evolutionary change in resource use, caused by competition over generations

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18

Primary Succession

Occurs when a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms as well as organisms that live above the soil surface

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