Anatomy Exam Questions

True/False and multiple choice

T or F: HIV destroys enough of the immune system that any microbe is capable of infecting the individual

True

which of the following is LEAST likely to contain epithelial tissue

a. Endocardium

b. Epicardium

c. Myocardium

d. Pericardium

C

The fibrous skeleton of the heart insulates the ______ from the ______

a. Atria; ventricles

b. Left atrium; right atrium

c. Left ventricle; right ventricle

d. All of the above

a

14.Which of the following are semilunar valves?

I. Aortic

II. Mitral

III. Pulmonary

IV. Sinoatrial

a. I only

b. II only

c. I and III only

d. II and IV only

c

What is the anterior interventricular vein also known as?

a. Coronary sinus

b. Great cardiac vein

c. Least cardiac vein

d. Middle cardiac vein

b

The refractory period for cardiac muscle is _________ the contraction time.

a. Equal to

b. Greater than

c. Less than

d. Any of above depending on the situation

b

In an EKG, the _________ represents atrial diastole.

a. P wave

b. QRS complex

c. T wave

d. None of the above

d

Which of the following can NOT occur together during a cardiac cycle?

a. Atrial diastole; ventricular diastole

b. Atrial diastole; ventricular systole

c. Atrial systole; ventricular diastole

d. Atrial systole; ventricular systole

d

_______ decrease(s) heart rate

a. Acetylcholine

b. Epinephrine

c. Increased blood calcium levels

d. Norepinephrine

a

_____ is the failure of the myocardium to contract.

a. Asystole

b. Cardiac arrest

c. Cardiomyopathy

d. Dysrhythmia

a

A blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart is a(n):

a. Artery

b. Vein

c. Both a and b

d. Either a or b

b

all blood vessels have a tunica

a. Externa

b. Interna

c. Media

d. All of the above

b

Which of the following blood vessels is part of the microcirculation?

I. Capillaries

II. Precapillary arterioles

III. Postcapillary venules

a. I only

b. I and II only

c. I and III only

d. I, II, and III

c

Which blood vessels contain valves?

a. Arteries and arterioles

b. Capillaries

c. Veins and venules

d. All of the above

c

Other than the veins, blood is located in the _____ more so than any other region or structure.

a. Capillaries

b. Heart

c. Pulmonary circuit

d. Systemic arteries

d

Changes in blood pressure are monitored by;

a. Baroreceptors

b. Chemoreceptors

c. Nociceptors

d. Proprioceptors

a

Vasodilation can be caused by:

a. Aldosterone

b. Angiotensin II

c. Atrial natriuretic peptide

d. Vasopressin

c

The subclavian vein directly provides blood to the:

a. Brachiocephalic vein

b. External jugular vein

c. Internal jugular vein

d. Superior vena cava

a

All of the following blood vessels are direct branches off the celiac trunk EXCEPT:

a. Common hepatic

b. Gastroepiploic

c. Left gastric

d. Splenic

b

The hepatic portal vein receives blood directly from the ____ vein.

a. Hepatic

b. Inferior mesenteric

c. Superior mesenteric

d. All of the above

c

The hormone receptors for water-soluble hormones are found in the

cell membrane

Individuals with blood type O always have antibodies against the ____ antigen

A and B

The _______ is the most superficial layer of the parenchyma of the heart

epicardium

The mitral valve separates the

left ventricle and left atrium

the purkinje fibers are directly responsible for ____ contraction

ventricle

The circle of Willis directly receives blood from the ____ arteries

internal carotid

the small saphenous vein empties into the ____ vein

great

which of the following structures are found in the atria?

a. chordae tendineae

b. papillary muscles

c. pectinate muscles

d. trabeculae carnae

c

signals in the cardiac conduction system originate in the

sinoatrial node

abnormal rates or rhythms of the heart that patient is aware of

palpitations

all blood vessels have a tunica ____

interna

the external elastic lamina is found in the tunica ___

media

other than the veins, blood is located in the _____ more so than any other region or structure

arteries

septic shock is a form of ___ shock

vascular

there are ___ lobar arteries in the pulmonary circulation

5

all of the following blood vessels are direct branches off the abdominal aorta EXCEPT

a. common hepatic

b. common illiac

c. inferior mesenteric

d. middle suprarenal

a

the circumflex branch directly receives blood from the ____ coronary artery

left

number of BVs which leave the aorta at the aortic arch

3

forces involved in the circulation of blood throughout the body

hemodynamics

small blood vessels formed from splitting arteries

arterioles

carry blood away from the heart

arteries

small blood vessels that merge to form veins

venules

formation of new blood vessels

angiogenesis

union of two or more blood vessels in the same body region

anastomosis

alternate routing for blood to reach a destination using anastomoses

collateral circulation

thin layer of connective tissue composed of elastic fibers supporting the endothelium found in the tunica interna

internal elastic lamina

outermost part of the tunica media

external elastic lamina

capillaries which have mostly continuous endothelium

continuous capillaries

blood flows from one capillary system to another via veins called ____ this type of circulation is called a _____

portal veins , portal system

veins lack which layers

internal and external elastic laminae

circulation which conveys blood from the GI tract to the liver

hepatic portal circulation

True or false: blood travels from the basilic vein into the cephalic vein, and finally into the subclavian vein

F: basilic to axillary to subclavian

the closure or blockage of the lumen of a structure, such as a blood vessel

occulsion

inflammation of a vein

phlebitis

surgical removal of a blood clot

thrombectomy

produce anticoagulant heparin

basophils

blockage of BV by clot is called a

embolus

conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin directly involves

a. intrinsic pathway

b. extrinsic pathway

c. both a and b

d. none of the above

d

person with blood type O has ___ antibodies and can donate to _____, but can only receive blood from type ____ blood

A and B, any blood type, O

has enzymatic activity and is involved with clotting pathway

thrombin

the endocrine system includes cells producing ________

circulating hormones

Epinephrine is an example of a ____ hormone

monoamine

Glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin are examples of ___ hormones

polypeptide and protein

Example of hormone synthesized by hypophysis

follicle stimulating hormone

the ____ is regulated by the hypothalamus through the hypophyseal portal system

adenohypophysis

T or F : hemocytokines are hormones regulating blood cell production

F, Hemocytokines- hemopoietic growth factors

T or F: parathyroid hormone is produced by parafollicular cells in the parathyroid gland

F, parafollicular cells- principal cells

T or F, the zona reticularis is responsible for production of aldosterone

F, reticularis- glomerulosa

The __________ holds the kidney in place, and protects it from trauma

a. Fibrous capsule

b. Perirenal fat capsule

c. Renal fascia

d. Renal hilum

b

9. The majority of body fluids are located:

a. In blood and lymph

b. In body tissues, between cells

c. In body cells

d. None of the above

c

Low levels of chloride are found in:

a. Blood plasma

b. Intracellular fluid

c. Interstitial fluid

d. All of the above

b

Oxytocin and vasopressin are produced by the:

a. Adenohypophysis

b. Adrenal medulla

c. Neurohypophysis

d. Pancreas

c

The insoluble material that forms the backbone of a clot is:

a. Prothombin

b. Thrombin

c. Thrombopoietin

d. None of the above

d

Smooth muscle is found in the tunica:

a. Externa

b. Interna

c. media

d. All of the above

c

The left renal vein receives blood from the left

a. Adrenal gland

b. Gonad

c. Kidney

d. All of the above

d

All of the following blood vessels are direct branches of the abdominal aorta EXCEPT:

a. External iliac

b. Inferior mesenteric

c. Inferior phrenic

d. Superior mesenteric

a

Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells are both types of

a. Lymphocytes

b. Monocytes

c. Phagocytes

d. None of the above

a

The intestinal trunk drains directly into the:

a. Cysterna chyli

b. Left lymphatic duct

c. Right lymphatic duct

d. Non of the above

a

Components of adaptive immunity include:

a. Mast cells

b. NK cells

c. Plasma cells

d. Vaccines

c

Most oxygen is transported in the blood through

a. Binding to proteins

b. Converting to bicarbonate

c. Dissolving in plasma

d. Sequestering in vesicles

a

Resting inspiration involves the contraction of;

diaphragm and external intercostals

21.The bronchial circulation is powered by the ____ side of the heart

a. Left

b. Right

c. Both a/b

d. Either a or b

a

The peritubular capillaries directly receive blood from the:

a. Afferent arteriole

b. Efferent arteriole

c. Glomerulus

d. Vasa recta

b

T or F: Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal medulla

F: adrenal cortex

T or F: The vertebral arteries are branches of the common carotid arteries

F: the subclavian arteries

The pharynx lies between the _______ and the _______

nasal cavity and the voice box

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

a. absorption and transport of dietary fibers

b. acid base balance

c. fluid delivery to body tissues

d. initiation of immune responses against specific targets

d

The left and right intercostal trunks drain into the:

a. left lymphatic duct

b. right lymphatic duct

c. both a & b

d. none of the above

c

The smallest lymphatic vessels are called:

a. lymphatic ducts

b. lymphatic trunks

c. lymphules

d. terminal lymphatics

d

All of the following are part of the functional components of the lymph node EXCEPT:

a. cortex

b. medulla

c. stroma

d. all three are functional components

Components of adaptive immunity include:

a. mast cells

b. natural killer cells

c. plasma cells

d. vaccines

c

_______ is the adhesion of phagocytes to the endothelium of blood vessels.

a. Aspiration

b. Diapedesis

c. Margination

d. Reperfusion

b

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

a. Antigen-presenting cells

b. Helper T cells

c. Memory B cells

d. none of the above

d

All of the following are inflammations of the lower respiratory tract EXCEPT:

a. bronchitis

b. laryngitis

c. pneumonia

d. rhinitis

d

The anterior openings of the nasal cavity is called the:

a. choanae

b. meatuses

c. nares

d. vestibules

c

The two lungs have a total of __________

fissures separating the five lobes.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

b

The exchange of gases between blood and alveolar space is called:

a. external respiration

b. gas transport

c. internal respiration

d. pulmonary ventilation

a

During eupnea, the volume of air being moved is called the:

a. tidal volume

b. total lung volume

c. vital capacity

d. none of the above

a

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen drops when blood:

a. CO2 concentration decreases

b. decreases pH

c. temperature decreases

d. all of the above

b

is painful or labored breathing.

a. Apnea

b. Dyspnea

c. Hyperpnea

d. Tachypnea

b