Sensations and Perception

Webers Law

States the difference threshold is proportional to the original stimulus

Bottom-up Processing

Is when we allow stimulus to shape our perception

Top-down processing

Is when we use background information to interpret what we see

Inattentional blindness

Is when an individual fails to notice stimuli when focused on something else

Vestibular Sense

Provides a sense of balance and information about the bodys system

How Does light enter the eye?

Enters through the cornea, then the iris, then pupil, then lens, then retina

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Retina has 3 color receptirs being blue,red, and green

Opponent Process Theory

Color vision depends on three sets of opposing retinal processing red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white

Absolute Threshold

Minimum amount of stimulus energy needed to detect stimulus 50% of the time

Difference Threshold

Note the smallest difference in two stimulus

Place Theory

Explains how we hear high pitched sounds

Frequency Theory

Explains how we hear low pitched sounds

Pitch

Measures how high or low a sound is

How does a sound wave travel

Sound travels into the auditory canal to the eardrum, to the hammer, to the anvil, to the stirrup, to the cochlea and out the auditory nerve

Gate control theory

Spinal cord responsible for allowing or blocking pain signals to the brain

Visual Cliff

Experiments suggest that the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate

Gestalt

An organized whole

Smell

Is created when chemical molecules enter our olfactory receptor

Taste

Taste budd catch chemicals from food to produce sweet, sour, salty, bitter, or umami senses

Senastion

Process of detecting stimuli from environment through sensory organs

Perception

The brains process of organizing,interpreting, or giving meaning to those sensations

Depth Perception

Ability to see the relation of objects in a space

Figure Ground

The organization of the visual field into objects(figures) that stand out from their surroundings(background)

Binocular Cues

A depth cue that used both eyes to create sn image between the slight difference in the left and right eye

Monocular Cue

A depth cue that is available to either eye; relative size,height,clarity,light/shadow, or linear perspective

Proximity

Group objects that are close together as being apart of the same group

Similarity

Objects similar in appearance are perceived as being part of the same group

Closure

Like top-down processing, we fill gaps jn if we can recognize it

Stroboscopic Effect

Series of various images that create a motion picture

Perceptual Constancy

Ability to perceiev objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change

Perceptual Adaptation

Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or unsure visual field

Phi Phenomenon

An optic illusion of seeing still images moving

Transduction

Process if converting a form of energy(sensations) into neural impulses your brain can use to understand the world around you(perception)

Biopsychosocial approach to pain

Argument that there is three factors to pain being social,physical, and biological

Signal Detection Theory

Intensity of stimuli and physical state can contribute to whether or not the person is able to detect it

Semicircular Canals

They tell the body about the heads position

Cocktail Party Effect

Ability to focus ones attention to a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimulus

Change Blindness

Failing to notice a change in an environment

Kinesthesis

Learning of movements that an individual commonly performs

Blind spot

Where the optic nerve passes through optic disk and out the eye

Afterimage effect

When your color receptor is worn out and you see a different color

Propagnosia

Cognitive disorder, face blindness. All faces look the same

Lens

Transmits light, focused on the retina

Retina

Senses light and sends signals to the brain

Perceptual Set

Mental predisposition to perceieve one thing and not another

Umami

Savory taste