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44 Terms

1

Directional Terms

Words used to describe positions of body parts (e.g., anterior = front, posterior = back).

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2

Axis of Rotation

An imaginary line around which a body part moves (e.g., shoulder rotates around a vertical axis).

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3

Body Planes

Imaginary flat surfaces dividing the body into sections (sagittal, frontal, transverse).

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4

Anatomical Position

Standard posture where a person stands upright, facing forward with arms at their sides and palms facing outward.

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5

Kinetic Chain

The concept that body segments are connected and movement in one affects others.

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6

Open Chain vs Closed Chain

Open chain: Distal part moves freely (e.g., bicep curl). Closed chain: Distal part is fixed (e.g., squat).

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7

Uniaxial Joint

A joint that allows movement in one plane (e.g., elbow).

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8

Biaxial Joint

A joint that allows movement in two planes (e.g., wrist).

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9

Kinesiology

The study of human movement.

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10

Biomechanics

The study of forces acting on the body during movement.

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11

Kinetics

The study of forces that cause motion.

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12

Mechanics

The study of motion and how forces affect it.

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13

Gait

A person’s way of walking.

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14

Hypermobile

When a joint moves beyond its normal range of motion.

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15

Statics

The study of forces in non-moving systems.

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16

Dynamics

The study of forces in moving systems.

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17

Newton’s First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force.

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18

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).

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19

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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20

Center of Gravity

The point where body weight is evenly distributed.

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21

Levers

Rigid structures that pivot around a point.

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22

First-Class Lever

Fulcrum in the middle (e.g., seesaw).

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23

Second-Class Lever

Resistance in the middle (e.g., wheelbarrow).

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24

Third-Class Lever

Effort in the middle (e.g., bicep curl).

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25

Linear Force

Forces acting in the same straight line.

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26

Friction

The force that resists movement between two surfaces.

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27

Traction

A force that pulls or stretches a body part.

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28

Compression

A force that squeezes or pushes parts together.

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29

Bending Force

A force that causes a structure to curve.

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30

Shear Force

A force that causes layers of a structure to slide past each other.

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31

Torsion

A force that twists a structure.

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32

Torque

A force that creates rotation.

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33

Synarthrosis Joint

An immovable joint.

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34

Diarthrosis Joint

A freely movable joint (e.g., shoulder).

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35

Types of Cartilage

Hyaline (covers joints), Fibrocartilage (shock absorption), Elastic (flexibility, found in ears/nose).

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36

Types of End Feel

Hard (bone-on-bone), Soft (tissue stops movement), Firm (ligament or muscle resistance).

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37

Concave/Convex Relationship

Describes how joint surfaces move relative to each other.

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38

Fibrous Joint

An immovable joint.

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39

Cartilaginous Joint

A slightly movable joint.

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40

Synovial Joint

A freely movable joint.

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41

Osteokinematics

Large joint movements like flexion and extension.

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42

Arthrokinematics

Small joint movements such as roll, spin, and glide.

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43

Roll, Spin, Glide

Types of joint movement.

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44

Common Joint Pathologies

Includes arthritis, dislocations, sprains, and bursitis.

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