Gov Final Review

 Constitution --Supreme law of land, what it does

protects your basic rights and defines the governments

Republic

 When the people have a say in the government.

1st ten amendments are called

Bill of Rights

 What are the three branches of government

Executive, Legislative, Judicial

Sovereignty

Power within your borders to rule

What is federalism- whose law rules over whom

split between federal and state government, federal law always rules over state law. State over local.

 Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise

What the founding fathers decided about legislative gov, Connecticut Compromise created both, one based on equal, one based on population, every state has 2 senators.

 Purpose of the Preamble

 Promise of what the government would do

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Marbury v. Madison

Gave courts all the of their power and it's the power of judicial review

 1st Amendment

freedom of speech, religion, press (newspaper), assembly, petition (signatures, new law passed).

2nd Amendment

Freedom to bear arms

 What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

Freed the slaves (only in certain areas)

U.S. territories, what stars and stripes represent and what is our country's capital?

Guam, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands,Virgin Islands. 50 states = 50 stars, 13 stripes =13 original colonies. Washington D.C. is the capital

Separation of Powers

Between the 3 branches of government, checks and balances to make sure one of them doesn’t become too powerful.

Total number of Amendments

27 Amendments

Who decides Constitutionality

The courts (mostly the supreme court)

Checks and balances

veto, things they find unconstitutional, make sure no one is too powerful

 Gerrymandering

 redrawing district lines to favor one party over the other.

Senators

Senators: 100 (2 per state), 6 year term, at least 30 years, be a citizen of the US for 9 years, every 2 years ⅓ of senate is up for election

House of Representatives

House of Representatives: 435 members, 2 year term, at least 25 years old, be a citizen of the US for 7 years, whole house gets replaced every 2 years

President

 4 year term, at least 35 years old, natural born citizen

Constituents

People eligible to vote for any of our elected officials.

 Conference committee

Made up of House and Senate members that get together that iron out differences in bills.

What happens when a president signs a bill 

It becomes a law

Jobs assigned vice-president by the Constitution

3 jobs- to preside over the Senate (VP is President of Senate) and support the president, count electoral votes

Name for top position in House and Senate

Speaker of the House- Mike Johnson

President Pro Tempore- Person who presides over the Senate when VP isn’t there

Executive order

Same power as laws, doesn’t have to be approved by Congress, written by the president, has to be constitutional

Who nominates Supreme Court judges

The president

 What happens when a bill is vetoed

Congress can override it by ⅔ vote 

Who actually elects the president

The electoral college

 Title of cabinet members

Secretaries, with the exception of the attorney general who is in charge of department of justice (chief lawyer)

 Job of office of Management and Budget - job

Department that writes the budget each year

 Highest court in land

Supreme Court

Who has original jurisdiction

 federal district courts and the supreme court

 Roe v. Wade was overturned by Dobbs v Jackson Health Organization 2022 - what it means now

States get to decide what their abortion laws are.

Miranda v. Arizona

Gives you rights when you are arrested.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

segregation was allowable, separate but equal facilities

 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas 1954

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, said that it was not allowed to segregate.

 How many Supreme Court Justice are there

9 Supreme court justices

Who nominates justices to the Supreme Court

The president but senate has to agree to it

 Governor is commander of what

State militia, national guard

 Civil claims (when someone sues someone) who hears the case 

under 250,000 dollars it goes to the district court, over 250,000 goes to the circuit court

 Names of our Senators, our Governor 

Senator: Debbie Stabenow, Gary Peters, Elissa Slotkins

Governor: Gretchen Whitmer

Rule of law

 Everyone must obey the law, or be punished