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Civil Society
Groups that form outside of the government’s control, operating freely and impacting the government.
Political Culture
A set of collectively held attitudes, values, and beliefs about government and politics, deeply rooted in a country’s culture, geography, and history.
Political Socialization
The process by which an individual learns about politics and is taught about society’s common political values and beliefs.
Postmaterialism
A shift in political culture towards worrying about human rights, civil rights, environmentalism, and moral values, emerging after WWII in democracies.
Neoliberalism
A philosophy favoring economic policies that support the free market and reduce trade barriers, advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.
Communism
An ideology advocating state ownership of all property and complete control over the economy, with the intent of creating an egalitarian society.
Socialism
A political ideology focused on economic equality and government ownership of major means of production to reduce income inequality.
Democratic Socialism
A political system that establishes a democratic regime with socialist economic ideology.
Fascism
A nationalist political ideology emphasizing the rights of the majority, strong authoritarian rule, and severe restrictions on civil liberties.
Populism
A political ideology that prioritizes the rights and interests of common people over those of elites.
Interest Groups
Organizations that operate outside of government control to influence policy and government actions.
Agents of Socialization
Different factors, such as family, schools, peers, and religion, that influence an individual's political beliefs and values.
Totalitarianism
A political system in which the government has complete control over citizens’ lives.
