Ch 6: Atmospheric systems and societies

solar radiation

Incoming ________ is mostly made up of visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared heat.

Greenhouse

________ traps heat by reducing convention which removes the heat more than by radiation.

ultraviolet radiation

Some ________ from the sun is absorbed by stratospheric ozone causing molecules to break apart.

Pollution management strategies

________ are being employed to conserve stratospheric ozone.

organic gases

Halogenated ________ can liberate halogen atoms when exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere.

stratosphere

The ________ and troposphere are where most reactions affecting life occur.

montreal project

The ________: Is an international agreement to phase out the production of ozone depleting substances.

production of vitamin

Stimulates the ________ D in animals.

chlorine atom

One ________ can destroy many molecules of ozone in a chain reaction with positive feedback.

Nitrogen oxides

________: bacterial breakdown of nitrates, and nitrates of soil.

greenhouse effect

The ________ is a natural and necessary phenomenon which maintains suitable temperatures for living systems, which is a good thing for life on earth.

Stratospheric Ozone

________: key component of the atmospheric system because it protects living systems from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Troposphere

________ ozone (lower atmosphere): where it is produced as a local air pollutant and has negative impacts for humans respiratory health.

Abiotic factors

________: mainly temperature and precipitation.

Ozone

________: is found in two layers in the atmospheric.

Ozone depleting substances

________: including halogenated organic gases, are used in aerosis, plastics, and such to cause halogen atoms from these pollutants to increase destruction of ozone in a repetitive cycle so allowing more ultraviolet to reach the earth.

solar radiation

Incoming ________ is mostly made up of visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared heat.

Stratospheric Ozone

________ (in the upper atmosphere): where it is essential in reflecting ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and protecting humans from dangerous levels of UV exposure.

Ozone

________ is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms.

Composition of Air

20.9% oxygen, 78.1% nitrogen, 0.038% carbon dioxide, 0.93% argon, 0% other gases

Biotic Factors

plants and animals

Abiotic factors

mainly temperature and precipitation

Gases

water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane which are the main greenhouse gases

Stratospheric Ozone

key component of the atmospheric system because it protects living systems from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Ozone

is found in two layers in the atmospheric

Troposphere ozone (lower atmosphere)

where it is produced as a local air pollutant and has negative impacts for humans respiratory health

Stratospheric Ozone (in the upper atmosphere)

where it is essential in reflecting ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and protecting humans from dangerous levels of UV exposure

Ozone-depleting substances

including halogenated organic gases, are used in aerosis, plastics, and such to cause halogen atoms from these pollutants to increase destruction of ozone in a repetitive cycle so allowing more ultraviolet to reach the earth

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs or freons)

propellants in spray cans

Nitrogen oxides

bacterial breakdown of nitrates, and nitrates of soil

The montreal project

Is an international agreement to phase out the production of ozone depleting substances

**Primary Pollutants**

from the combustion of fossil fuels include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, black carbon/soot, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur

**secondary pollutants**

are formed when primary pollutants undergo a variety of reactions with other chemicals already present in the atmosphere.

**Smog**

is a complex mixture of primary and secondary, of which tropospheric ozone is the main pollutant

**Thermal Inversions**

occur due to a lack of air movement when a layer of dense, cool air is trapped underneath a layer of dense, warm air

**Pollution management strategies**

include altering human activities to consume less. This will help decrease harmful emissions released into the environment

**Acid deposition**

general term for acid coming down from the air

Replacing

switching to the use of renewable energy (reducing the use of fossil fuels), use less automobiles and more public transportation, increase energy efficiency

Regulate

install catalytic converters to reduce carbon emissions produced by factories and automobiles

Restoring

add lime to forestry plantations to increase the use of natural resources and forests (decreases the need to export and import which is harmful for the environment)