Principles of Management

Classical Management

-focuses on organizing work with the goal of increasing worker productivity

-also called the classical perspective of management and the classical approach to management

-branches are scientific, administrative, and bureaucratic management

Scientific Management

-a classical management that studies worker productivity and workflow.

-Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henry Gantt, and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth contributed

Fredric Taylor

-American mechanical engineer

-used a scientific approach to analyze work tasks and workflow to reveal a single “best way” to accomplish the work

-established Four Principles of Scientific Management, also called Taylorism

Henry Gantt

-an American mechanical engineer and management consultant,

-created a graph that visually represented each task and how to schedule it for maximum efficiency (Gantt Charts)

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

-American engineers and consultants.

-built on the principles of scientific management by conducting time and motion studies.

Administrative Management

-focuses on the organization as a whole and identifies effective ways to organize and manage a business.

-Henri Fayol

Henri Fayol

-a French mining engineer

-believed that analyzing the management of a business was the best way to identify issues and increase efficiency.

-identified the 5 functions of management

-developed 14 general principles of management,

Bureaucratic Management

-theory that is an approach based on precisely defined procedures and a clearly defined order of command.

-Max Wbber

Max Webber

believed in higerarchy

Behavioral Management

-focuses on improving the organization through understanding employee motivation and behavior.

-Theory X, Y, Z

-Douglas McGregor (developed X and Y) and William Ouchi (Z)

-human relations management

theory x

believe that employees dislike work and need close supervision in order to finish their tasks

theory y

believe that employees like to work and do not need close supervision to accomplish their tasks

Theory z

middle ground approach

Adam Smith

-Scottish economist and philosopher

-Smith was a proponent of the division of labor concept.

Quantitative management

management theory that uses measurable techniques to improve decision-making in an organization.

Dr. W. Edwards Deming

-TQM

-American engineer and inventor.

-Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers hired Deming to train their engineers in quality control

systems theory

-looks at an organization as a system that is open or closed

-An open system interacts with the environment around it, closed does not

-A system is a set of interrelated parts that function as a whole unit to accomplish a common goal

contingency approach

theory that suggests the appropriate style of management depends on the situation.