The World Christian Final

What were the three main points of Ramon Llull's missiology?

1) Comprehensive knowledge of Arabic language 2) Demonstrating Christian truth through necessary reasons/logic 3) Willingness to be a faithful witness even unto death

Who was Ramon Llull?

Ca. 1232-1315; missionary to Muslims who emphasized learning Arabic, logical apologetics, and willingness to die for the gospel; died from injuries after being handled roughly in North Africa in 1315

What was Ramon Llull the first to do?

He was the first to relate the study of languages directly to the work of evangelism

Are all Arabs Muslim?

No, there are significant populations of Arab Christians throughout the world

What is the difference between Arab and Muslim?

Arab is an ethnic group; Muslim is someone who follows the religion of Islam

Which branch of Islam is similar to Roman Catholicism?

Shia Muslims (strong clerical presence via Imams)

Which branch of Islam is similar to Protestant Christianity?

Sunni Muslims (more direct relationship with God, less focus on clerical intermediaries)

Are people from Iran Arabs?

No, Persians (Iranians) are NOT Arabs

What percentage of Muslims are Sunni?

Approximately 90%

What country has the world's largest Muslim population?

Indonesia

Are Arabs Semites?

Yes, Arabs are Semites (as are Jews - both descended from Abraham)

What started the rift between Shia and Sunni Muslims?

A power struggle after Muhammad's death over who should lead - Shia wanted family/clerics (Ali), Sunni wanted merit-based selection (Abu Bakr was chosen)

Does the Quran say Jesus was born of a virgin?

Yes

Does the Quran say Jesus was given the gospel to preach?

Yes

Does the Quran say Jesus was crucified?

No, it says "they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them"

Does the Quran say Jesus ascended to heaven?

Yes, "Allah raised him up unto Himself"

Does the Quran say Jesus will return?

Yes, to judge the world

What are five points of contact Christians have with Muslims?

1) Belief in One God 2) Belief in God's Judgment 3) Common points between Quran and Bible 4) Be loving and respectful (1 Peter 3:15) 5) Be willing to admit Christian/Western inconsistencies

What does C1 represent on the C-Scale?

Traditional church using outsider language

What does C3 represent on the C-Scale?

Contextualized Christ-centered communities using insider language and religiously neutral cultural forms

What does C5 represent on the C-Scale?

Christ-centered communities of "Messianic Muslims"

What does C6 represent on the C-Scale?

Secret/underground believers

According to the Bible, what is the origin of human diversity in culture, language, and nations?

The Tower of Babel - diversity resulted from God's judgment on human rebellion and sinful pride (Genesis 11)

How does understanding diversity biblically help us?

It helps us embrace God's solution to bring humanity back together (through Christ)

What is Genesis 12:1-3 about?

God's covenant with Abraham promising that "all peoples on earth will be blessed through you"

To whom else was the Abrahamic promise affirmed?

Isaac (Gen 26:4), Jacob (Gen 28:14), Judah (Gen 49), David (2 Sam 7:12-14)

What does Psalm 67 say about God's purpose?

That God's ways may be known on earth, His salvation among all nations

What does Isaiah 49:6 say?

"I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth" (quoted in Acts 13:47)

What is God's eternal purpose according to Ephesians 1:3-14?

To unite all things in Christ

What is our purpose according to Galatians 3:14?

That Abraham's blessing might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus

What does Matthew 24:14 say?

"The Gospel will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations"

Who were some non-Jews that Jesus had contact with?

The Magi, Roman Centurion, Syro-Phoenician woman, Samaritans

What does Jesus' early contact with non-Jews signify?

It demonstrated that God's plan extends beyond Jews and foreshadowed the Great Commission

What is commonly called the Great Commission?

Matthew 28:18-20 - Jesus' command to "go and make disciples of all nations"

What does Matthew 28:18-20 say?

"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them...teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always."

What is the connection between Babel and Pentecost?

At Babel, God confused languages as judgment; at Pentecost, God enabled understanding across languages - the scorn of Babel was removed, the punishment became the medium

What does the miracle of languages in Acts 2 signify?

The gospel is for all peoples (Acts 2:39); it was a precursor showing the kingdom would be made of many peoples and languages

What is the sign of receiving the Spirit at Pentecost?

Speaking in languages that others could understand

Where is the fulfillment of God's purpose for the nations found?

Revelation 5:9-10 and Revelation 7:9-10

What does Revelation 7:9 describe?

"A great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne"

Whose conversion in Acts served as a test case for whether the gospel was for all nations?

Cornelius (Acts 10)

Why was Cornelius's conversion significant?

It was the first full Gentile conversion; the Holy Spirit fell on Gentiles before baptism, proving the gospel was truly for all nations without requiring full Jewish law compliance

What did Cornelius's conversion lead to?

The Jerusalem Council (Acts 15) which affirmed Gentile inclusion

According to Matthew 9:37-38, what should we pray?

Pray to the Lord of harvest to send forth more workers into the field

What are three things we can do now to facilitate God's plan?

1) Pray for workers 2) Be ready to go ourselves if called 3) Be faithful in discipling the nations NOW where we are

What are the three Greek words for worship discussed in class?

Proskuneo (bowing down), Latreuo (service/ministry), Leitourgeo (serving others with resources)

What was the first sending church in Christianity?

Syrian Antioch (Acts 13-14)

What were the six early centers of missionary activity?

1) Jerusalem 2) Syrian Antioch 3) Rome 4) Constantinople 5) Alexandria 6) Baghdad

Which center sent missions to the Far East (India and China)?

Baghdad (Nestorian missions)

Which center was the base for Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

Constantinople

Which center focused on North Africa and monasteries?

Alexandria

Which center became the hub for Western European missions?

Rome

What is the Indigenization Principle (Andrew Walls)?

Christianity has the genetic ability to make itself at home in any culture - it's truly universal

What is the Pilgrim Principle (Andrew Walls)?

Christianity is never completely at home in any culture - it challenges every culture

Does faithfulness always equal numerical success in missions?

No, God measures success differently than we do

How does God work in missions?

With us, in spite of us, and without us

Will God's work be accomplished?

Yes, His purposes cannot be thwarted

What is the acronym for William Carey's main points?

EDITS

What does EDITS stand for?

E - Establishment of churches, D - Dissemination of gospel, I - Indigenous ministries, T - Translation of Bible, S - Study and understanding of cultures

Who was in the Serampore Trio?

William Carey, Joshua Marshman, William Ward

What is William Carey's famous quote?

"Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God"

What is William Carey called?

"Father of Modern Missions"

How many languages did Carey translate the Bible into?

6 major languages plus parts of 29 other languages/dialects

What social reforms did Carey work toward?

Ending infanticide and suttee (widow burning)

When did William Carey live?

1761-1834

What is the acronym for Hudson Taylor's main points?

CUFID

What does CUFID stand for?

C - Chinese Dress, U - Uneducated (accepted all), F - Faith Missions, I - Interdenominational, D - Diffusion

What did Hudson Taylor found?

China Inland Mission (1865)

What was Hudson Taylor's legacy by the time of his death?

205 mission stations, 800+ missionaries, 125,000 Christians (accomplished in 40 years)

When did Hudson Taylor live?

1832-1905

What did wearing Chinese dress represent?

Identification with the people he was serving

What does "Faith Missions" mean?

Depending on God for financial support with no guaranteed income; not going into debt

What is the fastest growing religious movement in the world today?

Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity

What continent is Christianity declining in?

Europe

What continent is Christianity growing fastest in?

Africa

What is the most powerful form of social action according to David Wells?

Prayer, because God responds directly to people who pray

Who were two positive examples of people who went lovingly to Muslims during the Crusades?

1) Ramon Llull 2) Francis of Assisi

According to John Piper, what is NOT the ultimate goal of the church?

Missions is not the ultimate goal

According to John Piper, what IS the ultimate goal of the church?

Worship is the ultimate goal

Why does missions exist according to Piper?

Because worship doesn't exist among all peoples yet

What does the singular use of "ethnos" always refer to?

A people group

What does "panta ta ethne" mean?

"All the people groups"

What is the significance of "panta ta ethne"?

The Great Commission is about reaching all distinct people groups, not just geographic areas

How can absolute truth be known according to Ajith Fernando?

Because the absolute/transcendent has become concrete in history in the person of Jesus

What is the 10/40 Window?

The region between 10 and 40 degrees north latitude, containing the hub of non-Christian religions

What percentage of the world's poorest live in the 10/40 Window?

82%

What is notable about Christian resources in the 10/40 Window?

It has the least Christian resource investment and least sharing of the Christian message

What passage discusses the cost of discipleship?

Luke 14:25-35

According to Luke 14, what must a disciple do?

Deny self, put Christ before all relationships (even "hate" family comparatively), and be willing to forsake all possessions

Is the price of discipleship negotiable according to Jesus?

No, it's non-negotiable - "you cannot be my disciple" if you don't pay the price

What does Matthew 16:24 say about discipleship?

"Deny himself, take up his cross daily, and follow me"

What is the paradox in Matthew 16:25?

Whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for Christ will find it

What is "bios"?

Biological/physical life that is always tending to run down and decay

What is "psyche"?

Animal-like life, soul-life, being "alive" in the fleshly sense (opposite of spiritual)

What is "zoe"?

Spiritual life that is in God from all eternity, real and genuine life

What does John 12:20-26 teach about the seed?

Unless a seed falls to the ground and dies, it remains alone; if it dies, it produces much fruit

What must we do according to John 12:25?

Hate our life in this world to keep it for eternal life

What does Romans 6:1-18 teach about baptism?

We are buried with Christ; our old self is crucified; there is no longer an "I" - we died with Christ

What does Galatians 2:20 say?

"I no longer live, but Christ lives in me"

What are four reasons we should give our lives to God?

1) It was God's to begin with (1 Cor 4:7) 2) We've been purchased by Christ's blood (1 Cor 6:20) 3) Christ gave His life for us (1 John 3:16) 4) We don't really know how to live our lives