Acids, Bases, Buffers and pH

Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) to a solution.

Base

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a solution.

pH scale

A scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

An acid that dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-) in water.

Proton (H+)

A hydrogen atom that has lost its electron, representing a positive charge.

pH of 1

Indicates an extremely acidic solution.

pH of 14

Indicates an extremely basic (alkaline) solution.

Neutral pH

A pH of 7, indicating a solution that is neither acidic nor basic.

Blood pH range

Normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly basic.

Buffers

Substances that help stabilize pH by resisting changes in acidity or basicity.

Strong acids

Acids that have a higher concentration of H+ and a lower pH.

Strong bases

Bases that have a lower concentration of H+ and a higher pH.

Acid reflux medication

Proton pump inhibitors that prevent acid from being pumped into the stomach.

HCO3-

Bicarbonate ion that can bind H+ to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Equilibrium of pH

Maintaining a stable pH is essential for proper biological functions.

Electrolytes

Ions in solution that carry an electric charge, formed by dissociation of acids, bases, and salts.