Acids, Bases, Buffers and pH

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16 Terms

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Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) to a solution.

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Base

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a solution.

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pH scale

A scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

An acid that dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-) in water.

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Proton (H+)

A hydrogen atom that has lost its electron, representing a positive charge.

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pH of 1

Indicates an extremely acidic solution.

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pH of 14

Indicates an extremely basic (alkaline) solution.

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Neutral pH

A pH of 7, indicating a solution that is neither acidic nor basic.

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Blood pH range

Normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly basic.

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Buffers

Substances that help stabilize pH by resisting changes in acidity or basicity.

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Strong acids

Acids that have a higher concentration of H+ and a lower pH.

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Strong bases

Bases that have a lower concentration of H+ and a higher pH.

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Acid reflux medication

Proton pump inhibitors that prevent acid from being pumped into the stomach.

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HCO3-

Bicarbonate ion that can bind H+ to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).

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Equilibrium of pH

Maintaining a stable pH is essential for proper biological functions.

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Electrolytes

Ions in solution that carry an electric charge, formed by dissociation of acids, bases, and salts.