James Madison

Non-intercourse act

replaced the Embargo act

Macon’s Bill #2

opened trade to everywhere & gave Madison the power to suspend trade with France or Britain if they didn’t agree to stop posing taxes and messing with US ships. Said that France or Britain needed to stop attacking the US and if one did, they could have an alliance, but if one didn’t, they would become an enemy.

impressment

 British impress/kidnap American sailors

Why were the British impressing US ships?

The war with France & England was short of men & supplies. Their solution was to seize any US ships going to France in order to take the ships cargo and recapture English deserters

Battle of Tippecanoe

William Henry Harrison tried to make peace with the natives but ended up fighting them. The Natives attacked the US and lost; first battle of the War of 1812

Who was Tecumseh?

leader of the Natives during Madison’s presidency who tried to reunite the Natives & prevent the US from invading their lands

War Hawks

new generation fo American poltiicians led by Clay and Calhoun who argued for the invasion of Canada & Florida and advocated for war with England

War of 1812 causes:

Britain violated US neutrality (Britain violated US neutrality (seizing US ships, goods, & sailors/impressment) French accepts terms of Macon’s Bill #2, Britain armed Natives & encouraged attacks on US Western settlers (scalps), the US's agreement with France causes them to stop attacking US ships. England retaliates by blockading US coasts, & territory - protect our land so we need to expand (Canada/England & Florida/Spain)

War at Sea

the British blockaded the US coast to stop the US ships from trading with France. Our navy resisted.

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere

The British firred on the Constitution but the cannon balls bounced off, earning it the nickname “Old Ironsides” The Guerriere was eventually disabled & surrendered 

nickname for the USS Constitution

Old Ironsides

Battle of Lake Erie

English & American forces battle for control of the Great Lakes

What battle is OH Perry known for?

Battle of Put-in-Bay

What happened during the Battle of Put-in-Bay?

Commander O.H. Perry led the US fleet against the British; Perry used heavy artillery to weaken the British ships & suffered 80% casualties. Brtiish Commander was wounded in battle. Perry won the day despite having to switch ships.

Burning of the Capital

After burning York, Canada’s capital, the British wanted to retaliate. The British troops attacked Washington, DC (Bladensburg Races). He told them to destroy everything in their path. They set fire to: The library of Congress, Capitol building, Treasury building, & the Executive mansion

What did Dolley Madison do?

saved the portrait of Washington when the British were burning down DC

What stopped the burning of the capitol?

rogue hurricane put out the fires

Battle for Baltimore

After burning down DC, the British moved on to Baltimore. However, they had to go through Fort McHenry first. At the Battle of North Point, the US forces halted the British advance. Major Armistead held Fort McHenry against the Roayl Navy’s bombardment.

What happened at the Battle of North Point?

US forces halted the Brtish advance on Baltimore

What battle did Francis Scott Key write the star-spangeled banner on?

Battle for Baltimore

Hartford Convention

Federalists meet in New England, trying to take advantage of the political instablity of Jefferson in order to take back the government. Proposed amendments to give New England more power (Judiciary Act of 1801 failed). Democratic-republicans took this Convention & made it seem as though the Federalists were British loyalists, ultimately leading to the downfall of the Federalist party. There were even talks of succession & the Federalists plotted to make Aaron Burr the President of the “new” federal government.

Treaty of Ghent

• Ended the War of 1812

• Restore US & English relations before the war started

  • Status Quo Antebellum

• British promised to return impressed sailors & captured slaves

• US promised to respect Native territory

• “Draw” - no real winner of the war

Status Quo Antebellum

restore US & English relations before the war

Who won the War of 1812?

no one - it was a tire

Why did the Battle of New Orleans happen after the Treaty of Ghent?

word didn’t reach the US for a month

Battle of New Orleans

British forces attacked Andrew Jackson’s US forcees defending New Orleans. The americans were able to defend their position & inflict heavy casualties on the British; Brtish retreated The battle was insignificant because the war was technically over.

Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant?

led to a huge increase of Nationalism

Was the invasion of Canada successful?

no

What did the Hartford Convention Result in?

the decline of Federalism