chapter 10 key terms and ppl

cape of good hope

southern tip of africa. first circumnavigated in 1488 by portuguese in search of direct route to india

christopher columbus

1451-1506. genoese captain in service of king and queen of castile and aragon. successfully sailed to new world and returned in 1492. initiated euro discoveries in americas. famously thought that the americas were india this idiot

ferdinand magellan

1480-1521. portuguese captain who in 1519 initiated first cicumnavigation of the globe. dieed during the voyage. allowed spain to claim philippines.

dutch east india company

joint stock company that obtained gov monopoly over trade in asia. acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.

british east india company

joint stock company that obtained gov monopoly over trade in india. acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.

lepanto

naval battle between the spanish and the ottoman empire resulting in a spanish victory in 1571.

core nations

nations, usually european, that enjoyed profit from the world econ. controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping. exported manufactured goods for raw materials.

mercantilism

economic theory that stressed gov's promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues. popular 17th and 18th centuries in europe

mestizos

people of mixed european and indian ancestry in mesoamerica and south america. particularly prevalent in areas colonized by sspain. often part of forced labor systems.

vasco de balboa

c. 1475-1519. first spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of mesoamerica in 1509, initial settlement eventually led to conquest of aztec and inca empires by other captains.

francisco pizarro

1478-1541. led conquest of inca empire of peru beginning in 1535. by 1540, most inca possessions fell to the spanish.

new france

french colonies in north america. extended from st. lawrence river laong great lakes and down mississippi river valley system

seven years' war

fought in continental europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763. resulted in prussian seizures of land from austria, english seizures of colonies in india and noth america.

treaty of paris

arranged in 1763 following seven years' war. granted new france to england in exchange for return of french sugar islands in caribbean.

cape colony

dutch colony established at cape of good hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastla station for the dutch seaborne empire. by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with bantus.

boers

dutch settlers in cape colony, in southern africa

calcutta

headquarters of british east india company in bengal in indian subcontinent. located on ganges, captured in 1756 during early part of seven yeras' war. later became administrative center for all of bengal