WEEK 15 - ABD Cav and GI Tract Intro

Superior ABD Cavity Boundaries

Diaphragm

Inferior ABD Cavity Boundaries

Pelvic Inlet

Ant/Post/Lat ABD Cavity Boundaries

Abdominal walls

Layers of the ABD Wall

1. skin

2. superficial fascia

3. muscles

4. Transversalis (connective tissue)

5. Extraperitoneal fascia (fat)

6. Parietal Peritoneum

ABD Cavity Organs

• stomach and intestines

• kidneys and ureters

• liver, gallbladder, pancreas

• spleen

peritoneum

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity walls and covering many of the abdominal visceral organs

types of peritoneum

• parietal peritoneum

• visceral peritoneum

parietal peritoneum

lines the walls of the abdominal cavity

visceral peritoneum

package visceral organs

Intraperitoneal organs

• definition

• example

• Organs that are ALMOST entirely enclosed by visceral peritoneum

• stomach

retroperitoneal organs

• definition

• example

• Organs localized in the retroperitoneal space (outside of peritoneal cavity)

• kidneys

mesentery

• definition

• function

• double layer / fold of peritoneum (continuity of visceral + parietal)

• Suspend and anchor intraperitoneal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

Mesenteries of the ABD cavity

• MESENTERY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE (small intestine → post. abd wall)

• TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON (transverse colon → post. abd wall)

• SIGMOID MESOCOLON (sigmoid colon → post. abd wall)

peritoneal cavity

Potential space between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

Retroperitoneal Space

located behind the peritoneum and in front of the transversalis fascia

Retroperitoneal Organs

SAD PUCKER

• S – suprarenal (adrenal gland)

• A – aorta/IVC

• D – duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)

• P – pancreas (except tail)

• U – ureters

• C – colon (asc. and desc.)

• K – kidneys

• E – esophagus

• R – rectum

Peritoneal Fluid

• location

• function

• found within the the peritoneal cavity

• provides essential lubrication and allows sliding of viscera
  without friction or irritation

Curvatures of the Stomach

• Lesser Curvature (medial)

• Greater Curvature (lateral)

Lesser Omentum

Mesentery extending between the liver and the lesser curvature of the
stomach and proximal 1st part of duodenum

Greater Omentum

• generally, location for at storage, passageway for vessels and, physical and immune protection

• Mesentery that form an “apron” draping off the greater curvature of the
  stomach

ligaments of the greater omentum

• gastrophrenic lig (stomach → diaphragm)

• gastrosplenic lig (stomach → spleen)

• gastrocolic lig (stomach → duo, intestine)

Sacs of the ABD

division of the peritoneal cavity

• greater sac

• lesser sac / omental bursa

omental foramen / foramen of winslow / epiploic foramen

small opening in the abdomen that connects the greater sac to the lesser sac

greater sac

extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity (majority of abd cav)

compartments of the greater sac

• Supracolic Compartment

  • subphrenic

  • subhepatic

• Infracolic Compartment

Lesser Sac location

posterior to the lesser omentum and the stomach but anterior to the pancreas

Pouches of the ABD Cavity Floor

pouches in between pelvic organs that formed as the parietal peritoneum drapes over them

Male Pouches / cul-de-sacs

rectovesical pouch = between bladder and rectum

Female Pouches / cul-de-sacs

• vesico-uterine pouch = between bladder and
  uterus

• recto-uterine pouch of douglas = between uterus and rectum

GI Tract Composition

• mouth

• pharynx

• esophagus

• stomach

• small intestine

• large intestine

• anus

Accessory Organs of GI Tract

• teeth

• tongue

• salivary glands

• liver

• gallbladder

• pancreas

main function of oral cavity

first step in digestion through the secretion of saliva

main function of esophagus

Propulsion of food bolus to stomach by PERISTALSIS

main function of stomach

stores food and continues the digestion (little) that started in the mouth

Intestines Function

• small: where most of digestion occurs (and finishes)

• large: absorption of water and formation of feces

main function of rectum

temporary storage for stool until it's ready to be eliminated through the anus