Tooth Morphology

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38 Terms

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Primary/deciduous Dentition

20 teeth total (10 maxillary, 10 mandibular)

Includes incisors, canines, and molars (no premolars)

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Permanent Dentition

32 teeth total (16 maxillary, 16 mandibular).

Includes incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

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Maxillary Arch

Upper arch; fixed to the skull

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Mandibular Arch

Lower arch; movable via the temporomandibular joint

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Divisions

Quadrants: Arches are divided into 2 halves by the midline (4 quadrants)
Sextants: Arches are divided into 6 sections (2 posterior, 1 anterior)

<p>Quadrants: Arches are divided into 2 halves by the midline (4 quadrants)<br>Sextants: Arches are divided into 6 sections (2 posterior, 1 anterior)</p>
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Incisors

Primary: 8 total (4 maxillary, 4 mandibular).

Permanent: 8 total (4 maxillary, 4 mandibular).

Function: Cutting food.

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Canines

Primary: 4 total (2 maxillary, 2 mandibular).

Permanent: 4 total (2 maxillary, 2 mandibular).

Function: Tearing food.

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Premolars (Bicuspids)

Primary: 0 (not present in primary dentition).

Permanent: 8 total (4 maxillary, 4 mandibular).

Function: Tearing and grinding food.

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Molars

Primary: 8 total (4 maxillary, 4 mandibular).

Permanent: 12 total (6 maxillary, 6 mandibular).

Function: Grinding food

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Facial

Toward the face (labial for anterior, buccal for posterior)

<p><span>Toward the face (labial for anterior, buccal for posterior)</span></p>
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Lingual

Toward the tongue (palatal for maxillary)

<p><span>Toward the tongue (palatal for maxillary)</span></p>
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Masticatory

Chewing surface (incisal for anterior, occlusal for posterior)

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Embrasures

Triangular spaces between teeth near the gingiva

<p>Triangular spaces between teeth near the gingiva</p>
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Contact Areas

Where adjacent teeth touch

<p><span>Where adjacent teeth touch</span></p>
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Divisions into Thirds

Crown and root divided into cervical, middle, and apical thirds

<p>Crown and root divided into cervical, middle, and apical thirds</p>
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Occlusion

Relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth when jaws are closed

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Malocclusion

Abnormal tooth alignment (Class I, II, III based on Angle’s classification).

Class I: Normal relationship with misaligned teeth.

Class II: Mandibular arch distal to maxillary arch.

Class III: Mandibular arch mesial to maxillary arch.

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Curve of Spee

Curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion

<p>Curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion</p>
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Curve of Wilson

Cross-arch curvature of the posterior occlusal plane

<p>Cross-arch curvature of the posterior occlusal plane</p>
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Anterior Teeth

Support less occlusal force; posterior teeth bear most of the load

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Maxillary Central Incisor

Longest crown, mamelons on incisal edge

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Maxillary Canine

Longest root, cingulum, and marginal ridges

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Maxillary First Molar

5 cusps (including cusp of Carabelli), trifurcated roots

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Mandibular and maxillary Second Molar

4 cusps

mandibular: 2 roots

maxillary: 3 roots

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Mandibular First Molar

5 cusps, bifurcated roots.

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Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth)

Variable shape and size, often impacted

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Mamelons

Bumps on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors

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Succedaneous Teeth

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth (incisors, canines, premolars)

<p>Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth (incisors, canines, premolars)</p>
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Nonsuccedaneous Teeth

Teeth that do not replace primary teeth

<p>Teeth that do not replace primary teeth</p>
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Bifurcated

2 roots on one tooth

<p>2 roots on one tooth</p>
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Division of teeth in thirds

knowt flashcard image
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Embrasure

Triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact

<p>Triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact</p>
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Apex: at or near the end of the root

Apical foramen: opening in the end of the tooth where nerve and blood vessels enter. There may be 1+ opening at the end of the root.

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Cusp of Carabelli

Fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars

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Cingulum

Convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva

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Cusp

Pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth

<p>Pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth </p>
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Diastema

Space between two teeth, normally in reference to maxillary centrals

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Groove

  • Buccal Groove:

    • Runs down the cheek (buccal) side to the biting (occlusal) surface.

    • The first molar has two buccal grooves, while the second and third molars have only one buccal groove

  • Central Groove:

    • Main groove on the biting (occlusal) surface of back teeth.

  • Developmental Groove:

    • Grooves formed when the tooth's crown is developing.

  • Marginal Groove:

    • Grooves at the edges that help food escape during chewing.

  • Supplemental Groove:

    • Smaller, branching grooves off the main (developmental) grooves, giving a wrinkled look.