AP Psych Famous Psychologists

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1
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Mary Ainsworth

Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment

<p>Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment</p>
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Solomon Asch

Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines.

<p>Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines.</p>
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Albert Bandura

Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective

<p>Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning &amp; influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective</p>
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Alfred Binet

Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children

<p>Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children</p>
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Noam Chomsky

Created concept of "universal grammar"

<p>Created concept of "universal grammar"</p>
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Hermann Ebbinghaus

Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory

<p>Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory</p>
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Erik Erikson

Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development

<p>Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development</p>
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Sigmund Freud

Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry"

<p>Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry"</p>
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Harry Harlow

Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers

<p>Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers</p>
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William James

created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher

<p>created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher</p>
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Lawrence Kohlberg

Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment

<p>Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment</p>
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Elizabeth Loftus

Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony

<p>Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony</p>
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Abraham Maslow

Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"

<p>Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"</p>
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Stanley Milgram

Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience

<p>Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience</p>
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Ivan Pavlov

Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs

<p>Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs</p>
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Jean Piaget

Known for his theory of cognitive development in children

<p>Known for his theory of cognitive development in children</p>
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Carl Rogers

Developed "client-centered" therapy

<p>Developed "client-centered" therapy</p>
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Stanley Schachter

Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect

<p>Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect</p>
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B.F. Skinner

Described process of operant conditioning

<p>Described process of operant conditioning</p>
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Edward Thorndike

Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes"

<p>Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes"</p>
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John Watson

Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning

<p>Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning</p>
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Benjamin Lee Whorf

Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism"

<p>Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism"</p>
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William Wundt

Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory

<p>Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory</p>
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Philip Zimbardo

Conducted Stanford Prison experiment

<p>Conducted Stanford Prison experiment</p>
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Hans Selye

Described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

<p>Described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)</p>
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Karen Horney

Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory

<p>Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory</p>
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Alfred Adler

Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order

<p>Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order</p>
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Aaron Beck

Developed cognitive-behavior therapy, created a "depression inventory" test

<p>Developed cognitive-behavior therapy, created a "depression inventory" test</p>
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Phineas Gage

his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...)

<p>his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...)</p>
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Mary Whiton Calkins

first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her)

<p>first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her)</p>
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Charles Darwin

his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective

<p>his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective</p>
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Paul Broca

the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it

<p>the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it</p>
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Carl Wernicke

an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it

<p>an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it</p>
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Michael Gazzaniga

Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients

<p>Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients</p>
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Ernst Weber

best known for "________'s Law" (last name), the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude

<p>best known for "________'s Law" (last name), the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude</p>
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Robert Rescorla

researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element)

<p>researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element)</p>
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Edward Tolman

researched rats' use of "cognitive maps"

<p>researched rats' use of "cognitive maps"</p>
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Wolfgang Kohler

considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology

<p>considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology</p>
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Alfred Kinsey

his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings)

<p>his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology &amp; findings)</p>
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Lev Vygotsky

founder of "Social Development Theory" (note: not "social learning theory" OR "psychosocial" development...); emphasizes importace of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development

<p>founder of "Social Development Theory" (note: not "social learning theory" OR "psychosocial" development...); emphasizes importace of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development</p>
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Carl Jung

neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation

<p>neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation</p>
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Howard Gardner

best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences"

<p>best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences"</p>
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Charles Spearman

creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept

<p>creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept</p>
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Robert Sternberg

creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types)

<p>creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types)</p>
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Lewis Terman

advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI

<p>advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI</p>
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David Weschler

Developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests

<p>Developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests</p>
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Paul Ekman

Interested in the universality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of microexpressions to detect lying.

<p>Interested in the universality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of microexpressions to detect lying.</p>
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William Masters & Virginia Johnson

Used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages)

<p>Used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages)</p>
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Raymond Cattell

Intelligence: fluid & crystal intelligence; personality testing: 16 Personality Factors (16PF personality test)

<p>Intelligence: fluid &amp; crystal intelligence; personality testing: 16 Personality Factors (16PF personality test)</p>
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Edward Bradford Titchener

Student of Wundt and founder of structuralism. Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.

<p>Student of Wundt and founder of structuralism. Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.</p>