Chapter 7 cirrus review

What term is used to describe continuous tonic-clonic seizures, lasting over 30 minutes, with high fever, and during which consciousness may not return?

status epilepticus

What is a common side effect of pyridostigmine (Mestinon) for myasthenia gravis?

salivation

Which of the following multiple sclerosis medications must be stored in the refrigerator and brought to room temperature for administration?

glatiramer acetate

what is one of the major ways in which antiepileptic medications can interact with each other and with other drugs

**They can displace drugs from their binding sites on plasma proteins.**

What drug blocks glutamate receptors in patients who have Alzheimer's disease?

memantine

What class of drugs may be used to diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis?

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Which of the following drug classes is used to treat mild symptoms early in Alzheimer's disease?

**acetylcholinesterase inhibitors**

Which of the following anticonvulsants is a controlled substance?

phenobarbital

what drug is both a prophylaxis and treatment for influenza as well as Parkinson’s disease?

amantadine

What are the two neurotransmitters in the brain that play the greatest role in seizures?

GAGA and Glutamate

Which of the following is *not* true regarding the medication phenytoin?

used to manage neuropathic pain

Carbamazepine has a boxed warning for potentially fatal dermatologic reactions for which of the following population groups?

Asian patients

Methylphenidate, an agent used to treat children with ADD/ADHD, can best be characterized as a(n)

stimulant

What combination drug contains levodopa plus an inhibitor of peripheral levodopa metabolism?

Sinemet

Patients and providers must complete risk-benefit evaluations to manage epilepsy during pregnancy with which of the following drugs?

topiramate

Which anti-Parkinson's agent is associated with the on-off phenomenon?

levodopa

Which is a new class of anti-Parkinson agents that increases patient "on" time?

**catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors**

Which of the following anticonvulsants is also used to treat manic episodes in bipolar mood disorders?

valproate

Which of the following Alzheimer's disease drugs is commercially available as a transdermal patch under the brand name Exelon?

**memantine**

Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs is a GABA enhancer?

pregabalin

Which of the following is an over-the-count product thought, but not conclusively proven, to improve memory for patients with Alzheimer's disease

**ginkgo biloba**

Drug therapy for multiple sclerosis seeks to

slow down the progression of the disease

What is the most common drug therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

levodopa

Which of the following is a self-injected agent used for acute treatment of intermittent "off" time during the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?

apomorphine

Patients who are taking rasagiline should be advised to avoid which of the following types of food?

those that contain tyramine

The use of which anticonvulsant may result in physical or psychological dependence?

pregabalin

Bromocriptine is a drug often prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of

Parkinson’s disease

Which drug used to treat ADD/ADHD is not a controlled substance?

atomoxetine

Carbamazepine is a drug used to control seizures and is also used in the treatment of

bipolar disorder

Which of the following drugs reduces the release of glutamate, norepinephrine, and substance P?

pregabalin

Which of the following is a goal of antiepileptic drug therapy?

reduce the frequency of seizures

Which of the following drugs was originally developed to improve cognition and is not structurally related to other anticonvulsants?

levetiracetam

Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs is also used to prevent migraines?

topiramate

Fosphenytoin is rapidly converted to which of the following drugs upon administration?

phentyoin

Which of the following medications used to treat Parkinson's disease can discolor a patient's urine to a red, brown, or black color?

entacapone

All of the following are side effects from taking the medication cyclophosphamide, *except*

increased appetite

What is the cause of a seizure?

excessive firing of neurons

Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs can also be used for shingles, fibromyalgia, hot flashes, hiccups, restless legs syndrome, and diabetic neuropathy?

gabapentin

The CNS stimulants all have boxed warnings for the potential of

dependence

Lamotrigine has a boxed warning about the possibility of which of the following?

fatal rashes

Which of the following drugs is not a commonly used agent for myasthenia gravis?

dopamine

What is the mechanism of action for anticholinergics drugs?

**blocking muscarinic receptors in the brain**

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disease characterized by the degeneration of myelin sheaths around nerves, which serve as electrical insulation?

multiple sclerosis

Which of the following conditions is a disorder of the interface between nerves and muscles, resulting from autoimmune damage to acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate?

myasthenia gravis

Which of the following conditions is a degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to progressive dementia and changes in personality?

alzeimer’s disease

The FDA has issued a boxed warning for tiagabine about which of the following problems?

the ability to cause seizures

Due to serious adverse effects, which anticonvulsant requires the patient or guardian to sign informed consent to use?

felbamate

Due to the _____, the small allowable differences in manufacturing can affect the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.

**narrow therapeutic index**

Patients who use a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor typically

**may reduce the dosage of levodopa.**

What is required to be dispensed with all antiepileptic drugs?

medication guide

Which of the following alternative therapies is used in patients with Parkinson's disease to improve motor symptoms?

**5-hydroxytryptophan**

Which of the following anticonvulsants should *not* be given to a patient with a sulfa allergy?

zonisamide

When levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is metabolized into which of the following neurotransmitters?

dopamine

Patients with Parkinson's disease have an imbalance of which of the following neurotransmitters?

**dopamine and acetylcholine**

Common therapy for children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include the use of which of the following?

CNS stimulants

If a patient is taking methylphenidate for ADHD, which of the following drug classes should be avoided by the patient for the two weeks prior to starting therapy?

MAOIs

Gingival hyperplasia is a hallmark side effect of which anticonvulsant drug?

phenytoin