Psych Semester Exam

Term 1: Psychology
Definition 1: The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a specific context.
Term 2: Psychology as a Science
Definition 2: Applying empirical methods to understand and explain psychological phenomena.
Term 3: Types of Psychologists
Definition 3: Clinical, Counseling, School, Industrial-Organizational, Research, etc.
Term 4: Psychology vs Psychiatry vs Social Work
Definition 4: Psychology involves studying the mind and behavior using scientific methods; Psychiatry is a branch of medicine focused on diagnosing and treating mental disorders, often with medication; Social work aims to improve social functioning and well-being through various interventions.
Term 5: Brain and Nervous System
Definition 5: The central control system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Term 6: Neurotransmission
Definition 6: The process by which neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals.
Term 7: Brain Parts and Function
Definition 7: Frontal Lobe (executive functions), Parietal Lobe (sensory information), Temporal Lobe (auditory processing, memory), Occipital Lobe (visual processing), Cerebellum (coordination), Brain Stem (basic life functions).
Term 8: Brain Injury
Definition 8: Traumatic events causing physical damage to brain tissue.
Term 9: Damage and How it Affects Functions
Definition 9: Cognitive deficits, motor impairments, sensory loss, emotional dysregulation, etc.
Term 10: Data, Reliability, and Validity
Definition 10: Data refers to the information collected, reliability indicates consistency of results, and validity refers to the accuracy of measuring what is intended.
Term 11: Analyze Data/Graphs
Definition 11: Involves interpreting numerical or graphical representations to draw conclusions.
Term 12: Social Learning Theory
Definition 12: Learning through observation, imitation, and modeling.
Term 13: Modeling and Vicarious Conditioning
Definition 13: Learning by watching others and imitating their behavior; learning by observing the consequences of others' actions.
Term 14: Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment
Definition 14: A study where children imitated aggressive behavior after watching an adult model.
Term 15: Power and Authority
Definition 15: The capacity to influence or command; accepted system of control or leadership.
Term 16: Conditioning
Definition 16: Learning through associations and consequences.
Term 17: Classical and Operant Conditioning
Definition 17: Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): learning through association. Operant Conditioning (Skinner): learning through consequences.
Term 18: Positive, Negative, Reinforcement, Punishment
Definition 18: Positive (adding a stimulus), Negative (removing a stimulus), Reinforcement (increases behavior), Punishment (decreases behavior).
Term 19: Innate and Learned Behaviors
Definition 19: Instinctual behaviors vs. behaviors acquired through experience.
Term 20: Conformity and Obedience
Definition 20: Adjusting behavior or thinking to align with group standards; compliance with commands from authority figures.
Term 21: Solomon Asch
Definition 21: Conformity experiments where participants yielded to group pressure.
Term 22: Milgram
Definition 22: Obedience experiments involving participants delivering electric shocks to others.
Term 23: Memory
Definition 23: The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
Term 24: Short Term vs Long Term Memory
Definition 24: Temporary storage vs. long-term retention of information.
Term 25: Parts of the brain involved in memory
Definition 25: Hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex.
Term 26: Sensory and Episodic memory
Definition 26: Sensory (initial recording of sensory info), Episodic (memory of specific events
Term 27: Loftus & Palmer
Definition 27: Research on the malleability of memory and the misinformation effect.
Term 28: Sleep
Definition 28: A periodic, natural loss of consciousness.
Term 29: Sleep Disorders
Definition 29: Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, etc.
Term 30: REM vs NREM
Definition 30: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep vs. Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep stages.