meiosis and sexual reproduction

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meiosis is a form of cell division that ------- the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells or spores

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Biology

9th

68 Terms

1

meiosis is a form of cell division that ------- the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells or spores

halves

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2

sperm or egg cells are examples of…

gametes

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3

plants and fungi are examples of…

spores

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4

what are the 2 forms of nuclear division?

meiosis I and meiosis II

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5

DNA in the original cell is replicated once during….

interphase

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6

meiosis begins with

homologous chromosomes pairing up

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7

what are chromosomes that are alike in size, shape, and genes. one homologue from each parent in a cell

homologous chromosomes

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8

in prophase I, loose ------ coils up into visible chromosomes (replicated chromosomes)

chromatin

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9

when homologous chromosomes pair it is called

synapsis

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10

what is the exchange of genes between a chromatid on one homologous chromosome and another chromatid of the other homologous chromosome

crossing over

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11

what is the result of crossing over

genetic recombination

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12

what is genetic recombination

new gene combinations

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13

what is a group of 2 homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids)

tetrad

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14

in prophase I, ------ form

tetrads

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15

in prophase I, ------- breaks down

nuclear envelope

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16

in prophase I, ----- disappears

nucleolus

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17

in prophase I, ------- forms

spindle

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18

in metaphase I, ------- line up along the equator with the help of ------- fibers

tetrads, kinetochore

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19

in metaphase I, where does kinetochore fiber attachment occur?

on each side of a tetrad

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20

in anaphase I, ---------- pairs seperate toward opposite poles of the cell (------- splits)

homologous chromosomes, tetrad

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21

each homologous chromosome still contains…..

2 sister chromatids

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22

do centromeres divide in anaphase I?

no

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23

in telophase I, ----------- gather at the poles.

individual replicated chromosomes

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24

--------- divides the original cell into 2 cells

cytokinesis

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25

each daughter cell is ---------- because it only contains one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes

haploid

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26

do chromosomes replicate between meiosis I and meiosis II?

no

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27

in prophase II, chromosomes ------ only if they uncoil between meiosis I and meiosis II

recoil

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28

in prophase II, new ----- forms around the chromosome in both cells.

spindle

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29

in metaphase II, ------- chromosomes (not tetrads) align at the equator of both cells.

individual

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30

in metaphase II, each chromosome still contains - sister chromatids

2

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31

in anaphase II, ------ divide and ------ chromatids seperate

centromeres, sister

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32

in anaphase II, sister chromatids are now called -------.

individual chromosomes

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33

in telophase II, ----------- reforms around chromosomes

nuclear envelope

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34

in telophase II, ------- reappears in each nuclei

nucleolus

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35

in telophase II, -------- dissolves

spindle

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36

in telophase II, chromosomes uncoil into ------

chromatin

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37

cytokinesis occurs resulting in - total new cells. each is ------ and unique

4, haploid

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38

n + 1 or n - 1 is an example of a….

bad gamete

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39

formation of gametes

gametogenesis

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40

formation of sperm via meiosis in male animal testes

spermatogenesis

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41

creation of a ovum (egg) during meiosis in female ovary

oogenesis

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42

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis (metaphase I)

independent assortment

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43

in humans, - million gametes with different gene combinations could result

8

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44

other than independent assortment, what are 3 other mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation?

crossing over, random fertilization, and mutations

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45

in ---------- each pair of chromosomes sorts its maternal and paternal homologoues into daughter cells independently of the other pairs

independent assortment

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46

the process of producing offspring

reproduction

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47

produces recombinant chromosomes that carry genes derived from two different parents

crossing over

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48

in asexual reproduction, - parent passes all of its genes to its offspring.

1

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49

in asexual reproduction, their is no fusion of -------- cells

haploid

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50

asexual reproduction produces ------

clones

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51

organisms that are genetically identical to its parent

clones

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52

how do prokaryotes produce asexually

binary fission

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53

how do eukaryotes produce asexually

mitosis

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54

an advantage of -------- reproduction is that it produces many offspring in short time, no need to find a mate or produce gametes

asexual

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55

a disadvantage of ---------- reproduction is that DNA stays the same, not good in a changing enviroment

asexual

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56

separation of a parent into 2 or more individuals of about equal size

fission

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57

what is an example of fission

bacteria

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58

body breaks into several pieces, developing into complete adults

framentation

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59

what is an example of fragmentation

planarian

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60

new individuals split off from existing ones, bud may break off or remain attached.

budding

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61

what are examples of budding

hydra and sponges

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62

fission, fragmentation, and budding are all examples of -------- reproduction

asexual

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63

in sexual reproduction, - parents are present

2

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64

in sexual reproduction, their is fusion of --------

haploid gametes

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65

in sexual reproduction, offspring have traits of both parents, but are not --------- to either parent,

identical

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66

--------- reproduce sexually

eukaryotes

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67

an advantage of ------ reproduction is that they have genetic variation

sexual

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68

------------ is key to evolution

genetic variation

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