Human Geography AP Unit 7 Test

Industrial Revolution

Social and Economic Shift caused by an increase in manufacturing production

Fordism

Means of mass production, based on assembly line method

Deindustrialization

Reduction in the size of manufacturing industry in an area

Least Cost Theory

Explains location of manufacturing relative to the source of materials

Bulk-Gaining Industry

Final product is heavier then materials, so manufacturing is near the market

Bulk-Reducing

Raw materials are heavier then final product, so manufacturing is closer to the source

Agglomeration

spatial grouping of businesses to share costs

Break of Bulk Point

Location where goods are transferred to a different mode of transportation

Locational Interdependence

Location Decision of a factory being dependent on other factories

Footloose Business

The ability for a business to pack up and move easily.

Bid-Rent Theory

Price and demand for Real Estate increases as it gets closer to the CBD

Transnational Companies

International companies with offices in more then one country

Comparative Advantage

The idea that a country should focus on producing products they have an advantage in producing

NeoLiberalism

Economic strategy calling for free markets and no government involvement

Trading Blocs

Groups of countries that have agreeed on trading rules

Transnational companies

Companies that operate in more then one country

Outsourcing

Contracting work out to non-company employees in other countries

Offshoring

When companies locate their production in other countries so they can save money

Brandt Line

A line that displays the divide between MDCs and LDCs

Economies of Scale

Cost advantage experienced when companies increase level of output

GDP

Value of goods produced within a countries borders within a year

GNP

Total value of goods produced by a country regardless of location

GNI

Measure of value of what is produced in a country, in addition to foreign investments

Gini Coefficent

Measurement of distribution of income in a population

Human Development Index

Measure of development combining an economic index and multiple social indexes

Primary Sector

Extracting natural resources: ores, fish, forestry,

Secondary Sector

Processing resources into products:Manufacturing, construction

Tertiary Sector

Selling and transporting of products:Marketing, retail, design

Quaternary Sector

Research and transferring of knowledge:Education, IT

Quinary Sector

Highest Level of decision making:CEOs, judges, politicians

World Systems Theory

Theory proposing that all countries are part of an interconnected system

Core Countries

Most dominant countries, hold power over periphery and semi-periphery, dominate the quaternary sector.

Periphery Countires

Least developed countries that provide semi-periphery and core countries with raw materials and labor. Most jobs in primary sector

Semi-Periphery Countries

Middle income countries that recieve materials from periphery countries and provides core with goods. Mix of core and periphery, dominates the secondary sector.

Growth Pole

Specific area driving Economic Development

Fordism

Production. method increasing efficiency and standardization of product with less skilled workers.

Post-Fordism

Production system that replaces workers with machines, increasing automation.