music gcse- brandenburg concerto no3 key terms

antiphonal

antiphonal

performed separately by two groups (physically separated)

appoggiatura

‘leaning note’- half value

arpeggiated

spread chord

articulation

the manner in which a note or sequence of notes is played

atonal

music with no key of any sort

augmented chord

a triad built on two major thirds

bare fifth

chords lacking the third- ambiguous in tonality

basso continuo

continuous bass parts (eg harpsichord part)

figured bass

baseline with intended harmonies indicated by figures rather than written as chords

ternary form ABA

subject repeated after a second subject in a related key

binary form AB

two sections, each is repeated

bitonal

music in two keys at the same time

block triads

major/minor triads in root, built in thirds

breakdown

when many parts drop out of musical texture for a short period of time

fugal exposition

a section that contains at least one full subject

subject

primary melodic idea

answer

the subject in the dominant key in response to the subject

countersubject

counterpoint that accompanies each occurrence of the subject

counterpoint

playing melodies in conjunction with each other, eg free Jaques

conjunct

movement by step

disjunct

movement by leap

diatonic

only involving notes from the key-no chromatic alteration

stretto

overlap of subjects in a fugue

secondary dominant

dominant of the dominant

passing modulations

fast modulations (doesn’t stay in key)

relative minor

3 semitones down from the major key

relative major

3 semitones up from the minor key

passagework

constantly moving passage often including sequencing

Scalic

use of scales

cadential

relating to a cadence

perfect cadence

V-I , sounds finished

chromatic

adding notes that aren’t in key

solo concerto

single instrument with melody line, accompanied by orchestra

variant

slightly different

gigue

lively piece in the style of a dance, usually in compound time

harpsichord

keyboard instrument, strings set in vibration by plucking

monophonic

single unaccompanied melody line

homophonic

one melody + supporting accompaniment

polyphonic

each part has own melody

imitation

melodic idea is echoed successively by other parts

sequence

melodic or chordal

pedal / pedal note

chords change above a repeated bass note

suspension

prolonging a note to make dissonance with the next chord

affection

the prevailing mood in a baroque movement

concerto grosso

concerto for more than one soloist / large concerto

fast-slow-fast

patronage

music commissioned by a wealthy individual (the patron)

dialogue

instruments in dialogue with each other, swapping ideas

concertino

smaller group of soloists in a concerto grosso

ripieno

larger group in a concerto grosso

bridge passage

linking passage often used to change key (modulate) in preparation for second subject