civic exam

Article I – Legislative Branch

Creates the House of Representatives and Senate, outlines lawmaking powers. (congress)

Article II – Executive Branch

Defines presidential powers, duties, and impeachment process. (president & vp)

Article III – Judicial Branch

Establishes the federal court system. (supreme court)

Article IV State Relationships –

Full Faith and Credit Clause (States must recognize laws of other states.)

Article V – Amendment Process

Explains how the Constitution can be changed.

Article VI – Supremacy Clause

The Constitution and federal laws override state laws.

Article VII – Ratification

Required nine states to approve the Constitution for it to take effect.

First Amendment

Protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Second Amendment

Protects the right to bear arms.

Third Amendment

No forced quartering of soldiers.

Fourth Amendment

Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Fifth Amendment

Right to due process, no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy.

Sixth Amendment

Right to a speedy and public trial, impartial jury, and legal counsel.

Seventh Amendment

Right to a jury trial in civil cases.

Eighth Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment.

Ninth Amendment

People have rights beyond those listed in the Constitution.

Tenth Amendment

Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or people.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery.

Fourteenth Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

Gave Black men the right to vote.

Nineteenth Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

Twenty First Amendment

Repealed Prohibition (allowed alcohol).

Twenty Second Amendment

Limited the president to two terms.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Ended segregation in schools.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Established that Congress can create a national bank; states cannot tax the federal government.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Only Congress can regulate interstate commerce.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Legalized abortion based on the right to privacy.

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Schools can censor student newspapers.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Right to an attorney, even if you cannot afford one.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review (courts can declare laws unconstitutional).

U.S. v. Nixon (1974)

The president is not above the law; Nixon had to release Watergate tapes.

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

Individuals have a right to own firearms.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned segregation and discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Banned literacy tests and other barriers to Black voting rights.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Warned European countries not to interfere in the Americas.

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Freed enslaved people in Confederate states.

Affordable Care Act (2010)

Expanded healthcare coverage.

Executive Order 9066 (1942)

Ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during WWII.

New Deal Legislation (1930s)

Series of laws passed to address the Great Depression.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Allowed segregation under 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

Limited free speech during wartime if it creates a clear and present danger.