A & P lab 1 basics

**NEED TO KNOW**

integumentary System

skin, nails , hair, protects body and separates internal and external environment

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligaments, provides structure and support, allows movement, stores minerals

muscular system

Skeletal muscles, tendons and some
connective tissues, allows for movement by pulling on bones, balance and stability

nervous system

brain and spinal cord, nerves, supporting cells, controls coordination, maintains homeostasis, allows for communication through rapid signals

endocrine system

glands and hormones, hormones are chemical messengers, helps nervous system

cardiovascular

heart, blood, blood vessel, transports nutrients and waste, regulation of body temp

lymphatic system

lymphatic organs, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

respiratory system

lungs and the airways, exchange of O2 and CO2

digestive system

alimentary canal? gastrointestinal, ingestion of food, digestion

urinary system

kidneys and urinary system, filters and removes liquid waste from blood

reproductive system

male and female reproductive organs

anatomical position

body is erect, facing forward, feet ahead, slightly apart, arms at aside, palms up, labeled as patient

superior

towards the head end, or upper part of a structure or the body (above)

inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body (below)

Anterior

toward or at the front of the body, in front of

posterior

towards or at the back of the body, behind

medial

toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of

lateral

away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of

intermediate

between a more medial ad more lateral structure

proximal

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

superficial

toward or at the bodys surface

deep

away from the body’s surface, more internal

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into the left and right pieces

coronal/frontal plane

body into front and back

transverse plane

divides body into top and bottom

two main body cavities

dorsal/posterior, and ventral/anterior

dorsal cavity

cranial, spinal

ventral

thoracic, abdominopelvic

abdominal cavity

digestion, organs: stomach , liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, intestines

abdominopelvic cavity

pelvic and abdominal cavity

Anterior/Ventral

front half of body, heart, lungs, digestive

cranial

space holding the skull, dorsal, brain

mediastinum

heart cavity, ventral

pelvic

bones of pelvic region, ventral, reproductive and bladder

pericardial

layers between heart, ventral

pleural

space around lungs, ventral

dorsal

back half, spinal, crnial

spinal

spine, dorsal

thoracic

space enclosed by ribs, chest, ventral

abdominal

abdomen

acromial

upper limb

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

inside crack of elbow

axillary

arm pit

brachial

upper arm

buccal

checks or mouth

calcaneal

heel bone

carpal

wrists

cephalic

back of head

cervical

back of neck

coxal

hip bone

crural

lower leg

cubital

front of elbow

digital

toes

dorsal

back

femoral

femur or thigh

frontal

forehead

genital

genitals

gluteal

butt

inguinal

groin, lower abdomen

lumbar

lower back

mammary

breast

mandibular

jaw

mental

chin

nasal

nose

occipital

back of head, brain

olecranal

back of elbow

oral

mouth

orbital

eyes

otic

ears

palmar

palms

patellar

front of knee

pectoral

chest

pedal

foot

plantar

bottom of foot

popliteal

region of the back of knee

sacral

end of spine, top of butt

sural

back of lower leg

tarsal

ankle

thoracic

chest

umbilical

belly button

vertebral

spine

synarthrosis

dont move

amphiarthrosis

some movement

diarthrosis

freely move

fibrous

thick fibrous connections

gomphosis

mandible, teeth and maxilla teeth

suture

skull plates

syndesmosis

holds adjacent bones together; tibia/fibula and radius and ulna

cartilaginous

cartilage between

synchondrosis

connect by hyalin cartilage

symphysis

thick pad of fibocartilage cartilage

synovial

spealized joint with complex structure and synovial fluid

temporal, parietal, occiptial bones

synarthrotic, Fibrous (suture)

1st rib and sternum

synarthrotic, cartilaginous (synchond)

teeth and mandible

synarthrotic, fibrous (gomphoses

tibia and fibula

amphiarthrotic, fibrous, syndesmos

adjacent intervertebral bodies

amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous (symphysis)

humerus &ulna, humerus and scap, tibia and talus, c1,c2 vert, femur and coxal, phalangesand metatarsals

synovial, diarthrotic