Quiz 8 Solutions (acids and bases on paper) -UNIT 4 Rxns in aq solutions

What has the greatest presence in a solution

The solvent, all other substances are solutes

What is an aqueous solution

When water is the solvent

How do ionic compounds dissolve

By dissociation, where water surrounds the separated ions (ion-dipole IMFs)

What is an electrolyte

A substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water

What is a nonelectrolyte

May dissolve in water, but it does not dissociate into ions

What is a strong electrolyte vs a weak electrolyte

Strong: dissociates completely

Weak: dissociates partially

Nonelectrolyte: does NOT dissociate in water

How do you write equations with weak electrolytes

• chemical equilibrium

Steps to writing a metathesis reaction

1. Molecular equation (cation and anion swap to form products

2. Complete ionic equation (cations+anions+insoluble ionic compounds)

3. Net ionic equation (removes “spectator” ions)

What do acids do when they dissolve in water

Increase the concentration of H+ (they are proton donors)

What do bases do when dissolved in water

Increase the concentration of OH-, defined as proton acceptors

What do strong acids do in water vs weak acids

• strong acids completely dissociate in water

• Weak acids only partially dissociate

What do strong vs weak bases do when in water

• strong bases dissociate to metal cations and hydroxide anions in water

• Weak bases only partially react to produce hydroxide anions

What are acid-base reactions called and what is produced

• they are called neutralization reactions where the acid donates a proton (H+) to the base

• When the base is a metal hydroxide, water and a salt (an ionic compounds) are produced