Kinesiology: Stages of Labor

phases of stage 1

Latent, Active and Transition

what happens during the latent phase?

- amniotic sac breaks

- contractions become stronger (5-20 mins apart) and more frequent

- cervix dilates 3-4 cm and effaces (thins out)

- mom is admitted to hospital, pelvic exams are performed frequently

- 4-24 hours

what happens during the active phase?

- cervix dilates from 4 cm to 7 cm

- contractions are longer, more severe, and 3 to 4 minutes apart

what happens during the transition phase?

- cervix dilates from 8 cm to 10 cm

- very strong contractions (60 to 90 seconds) occuring every few minutes

- mom starts to feel the urge to push

stage 2

delivery of baby or "pushing stage"

what happens during stage 2?

- cervix opens completely

- mom is actively involved by pushing the baby out

- crowning, when the baby's head is visible, may occur

- 30 mins to 2 hours (for a woman's first pregnancy)

stage 3

delivery of the placenta

what happens during stage 3?

- 15-30 minutes after stage 2

- lasts only a few minutes

- placenta is pushed out and passes through the uterus, cervix and vagina

stages of labor diagram

apgar scores

cesearean section (C-section)

Surgical method of birth.

Operation takes about an hour to complete.

22-38% of all babies born in the United States.

23.9% in Indiana (2020)

premature birth

this occurs early in the third trimester. The fetus's lungs are not fully developed, so it cannot breathe by itself

Ectopic Pregnancy

the blastocyst forms and becomes implanted in the fallopian tube

miscarriage

the expulsion of a dead zygote, blastocyst, embryo, or fetus from the uterus

Stillbirth

the birth of a dead, full-term fetus

Fraternal Twins

2 eggs fertilized by 2 sperm.

Different sets of chromosomes

May or may not be the same sex

identical twins

Already fertilized egg divides into 2,3, or 4...

Before the 8th day after fertilization

Same sex, same blood type, and share the same placenta

Conjoined or Siamese Twins

Fertilized egg splits after the 8th day

Joined together by a body part

May or may not be separated after birth