Conduction in Liquids and Gases

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67 Terms

1

Arc

luminous charge of electricity through gas

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2

Electrolysis

use of an electric current to separate chemical compounds or metals

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3

Electron impact

collision that occurs when one electron strikes another electron or object

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4

Electroplating

act of depositing electrons from one type of metal onto the other

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5

Ion

charged atom

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6

If an atom gains electrons it will become

negatively charged

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7

If an atom loses electrons it will become

positively charged

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8

Ionization potential

amount of voltage or potential that must be applied to cause ionization of a gas

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9

Metallic salt

chemical compound that is generally in a crystal state and exhibits the properties of a metal

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10

X rays

beams of high energy protons

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11

Magnesium is a

metal

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12

Chlorine is a

gas

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13

Magnesium has how many valence electrons

two

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14

Chlorine has how many valence electrons

seven

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15

When chlorine and magnesium combine in the presence of heat what is formed

magnesium chloride

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16

Magnesium chloride is what type of compound

a salt

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17

What is added to water to make it conductive

some salt

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18

Compounds that can dissociate in solution in order to conduct electric current are

called electrolytes

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19

Only salts can be electrolytes: T/F

False (various acids and bases can also be electrolytic)

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20

Electrolyte commonly used in lead-acid batteries

sulfuric acid

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21

Sulfuric acid formula

H2SO4

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22

In its pure form is sulfuric acid is an electrolyte?

No it is not

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23

What must be done to make sulfuric acid electrolytic

water must be added

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24

What does H2SO4 dissociate into in water

H2+ and SO42-

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25

What holds the sulfate ion together

the 2 electrons

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26

SO42- is called

sulfate ion

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27

Copper Sulfate in its natural state

blue crystals

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28

When CuSO4 dissociates what ions are formed

Cu2+ and SO42-

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29

Cu2+ is a

cupric ion

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30

Copper sulfate is used in what process

the electroplating process

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31

Cuprous Cyanide formula

CuCN

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32

What ions are formed in solution from CuCN

Cu+, CN-

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33

Cu+ is called

cuprous ion

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34

CuCN is used for

plating copper onto iron

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35

What must be present in the electrolyte solution for electroplating

ions of the metal to be plated

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36

Electroplating: metal ions always carry what charge

positive

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37

Electroplating: object to be plated is connected to

the negative terminal (cathode)

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38

Cathode

negative terminal of a power source

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39

What happens at the cathode

electrons enter the solution

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40

What type of power source is used for electroplating

direct current

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41

The positive terminal is made from

the same metal that will form the coating

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42

Anode

positive terminal of a power source

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43

What happens at the anode

the electrons leave the circuit

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44

Common use for electroplating

production of pure metals

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45

Process commonly used to extract aluminium from Al2O3

is electrolysis

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46

Air is an insulator or conductor

insulator

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47

How can the resistance of air be overcome

with the right amount of voltage potential

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48

What happens between 2 electrodes separated by air once a high enough potential is reached

an arc forms

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49

Once an arc is established, what limits the current in this circuit

the impedence

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50

What happens to the air as an arc between 2 electrodes is established

it becomes ionized and the ionized gas will maintain conduction

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51

One factor that determines voltage required to establish an arc

distance between the 2 electrodes

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52

Factors that determine amount of voltage required to cause ionization in a gas-filled envelope/tube

atmospheric pressure and type of gas in the surrounding atmosphere

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53

Increased pressure means the ionization potential increases or decreases

ionization potential increases

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54

Gas-filled tubes/envelopes operate with lower or higher than normal atmospheric pressure in the tube

lower than normal

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55

Most important factor in ionization of a gas

is electron impact

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56

What determines the density inside a gas filled tube

the pressure

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57

What happens if the pressure is high in a gas tube

the gas will be too dense for an electron to travel through and it will bounce from one molecule to another

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58

Applications of conduction in gases

production of light

X Rays

Cathode Ray tubes

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59

What happens if an electron strikes a gas molecule that is too low energy to release other electrons

the molecule will release excess energy in the form of light

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60

The colour of the light released is a

characteristic of the type of gas

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61

X rays pass through __ better than _ metal

thin metal better than thick

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62

X rays pass through __ better than _

flesh better than bones

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63

JJ Thompson found that a beam of negative particles could be bent by

magnetic fields

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64

Cathode Ray tubes were used in

TVs

computer displays

oscilliscopes

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65

Ionization in nature

northern lights

St Elmo’s fire

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66

Factors that determine the speed an electron reaches in a gas tube

applied voltage

distance travelled before hitting another electronS

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67

Speed of an electron in a gas tube is ____ to applied voltage and distance travelled

is proportional to applied voltage and distance travelled

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