Integrated Science Exam 1

Which of the following organisms is eukaryotic?

Plants

Animals

Protozoa

Fungi

All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following organisms is prokaryotic?

Fungi

Molds

Viruses

Bacteria

All of the above

Bacteria

Eukaryotic cells can possess all of the following EXCEPT:

Well-defined nucleus

Membranous organelles

Mitochondria

Nucleoid

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleoid

Which of the following organisms is called an obligate intracellular parasite?

Bacteria

Blue-green algae

Viruses

Yeast

None of the above

Viruses

Which structure is the site for protein synthesis in the cell?

Nucleus

Peroxisome

Ribosome

Lysosome

None of the above

Ribosome

A lipid molecule (triglyceride) can be composed of the following:

Lysine

Glycerol

Glucosamine

Fatty acids

Both B and D

Both B and D

In the Bronsted-Lowry system, an acid is defined as:

A proton donor

An electron-pair acceptor

A hydroxide donor

A proton acceptor

None of the above

A proton donor

What is the pH of a solution when its hydrogen ion concentration [H+] is 1.0 X 10^-12

12.3

-12

12

5

None of the above

12

What is the pH of the following solution that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.0000001?

5

6

7

8

None of the above

6

A patient has a pH of 7.89. This patient has this condition

Alkalosis

Acidosis

Both

Neither

Alkalosis

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to determine maximum buffering capacity

True

False

True

The major buffer systems of the body include all of the following EXCEPT

Bicarbonate buffer

Phosphate buffer

Hemolysine Buffer

Protein Buffer

Hemolysine Buffer

The strength of an acid can be determined by the ka and pKa

True

False

True

A cell contains 12% salt and the medium that it is in has a salt concentration of 27%. This medium in which the cell is suspended is referred to as being:

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Hypertonic

Hypertonic

Which water component contains interstitial fluid?

Intracellular compartment (ICF)

Extracellular compartment (ECF)

Extracellular compartment (ECF)

The following amino acid contains a hydroxyl group side chain

Glycine

Serine

Cysteine

Histidine

None of the above

Serine

What is the "backbone structure" of ALL amino acids?

A basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group and an organic R group

A nitro group, an acidic amino group, and an organic R group

A basic carboxyl group and a R group

3 amino acids and an R group

A basic amino group, a nitro group, and a R group

A basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group and an organic R group

In an electric field, a positively charged amino group will move toward the:

Anode

Cathode

Cathode

The R groups of 2 cysteine molecules can link together to form:

Peptide bond

Disulfide bonds

Amide bonds

Ester bonds

Disulfide bonds

An epsilon amino group is possessed by this amino acid

Histidine

Arginine

Valine

Lysine

Lysine

Which of the following amino acids contains a gamma carboxyl group?

Alanine

Glutamic acid

Methionine

Proline

Glutamic acid

Which of the following amino acids possess a sulfur-containing side chain?

Glycine and Proline

Tyrosine and Tryptophan

Cysteine and Methionine

Histidine and Lysine

None of the above

Cysteine and Methionine

Amino acids used by the human body are found in the D-configuration isomers.

True

False

False

The following amino acids contains an imidazole ring

Phenylalanine

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Proline

Histidine

Histidine

Histamine results from the ___________ of histidine

Amination

Deamination

Oxidation

Decarboxylation

Reduction

Decarboxylation

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Serotonin

Epinephrine

Serotonin

Which amino acid is used for the synthesis of serotonin?

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Arginine

Proline

Tryptophan

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are synthesized from the following amino acid

Arginine

Methionine

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

A peptide hormone that promotes uterine contraction in childbirth

Glutathionine

Vasopressin

Enkephalin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin

Which of the following is an antimicrobial peptide?

Met-enkephalin

Daptomycin

Bradykinin

Glucagon

Daptomycin

The following peptide hormone removes excess glucose (hyperglycemia) from the bloodstream

Insulin

Glucagon

Bradykinin

All of the above

Insulin

What is the correct nomenclature for the following peptide with the sequence; tyr-val-pro-his?

Tyrosinylvalinylprolyhistidyl

Tyrosinevalylprolylhistidine

Tyrosylvalylprolylhisidyl

tyrosylvalylprolylhistidine

tyrosylvalylprolylhistidine

Which of the following functional groups are responsible for forming the peptide bond?

The alpha-carboxyl and hydroxyl side chain

The amino side chain group and the beta-carboxyl group

The alpha carboxyl group and the alpha amino group

The alpha amino group and the amino group side chain

The alpha carboxyl group and the alpha amino group

the amino acid sequence of a protein is its:

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quarternary structure

Primary structure

In sickle cell anemia, the molecular lesion involves:

Cysteine is substituted for valine

Glutamic acid is substituted for glutamine

Lysine is substituted for glutamate

Valine is substituted for glutamate

Valine is substituted for glutamate

Which of the following diseases is NOT known to be the result of abnormal protein structure?

Sickle cell anemia

Huntington's disease

Bell's palsy

Alzheimer's disease

Bell's palsy

Association of subunits to form a multi-subunit protein structure is an example of this level of protein structure

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quarternary

Quarternary

How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?

They lower the activation energy for the reaction to proceed

Increase the concentration of products

Decrease the concentration of products

Increase allosterism deactivation

They lower the activation energy for the reaction to proceed

The part of the enzyme that recognizes and attaches to the substrate

Allosteric site

Modulator site

Product site

Active site

Active site

An inorganic molecule that certain enzymes require for their activity

Coenzyme

Cofactor

Apoenzyme

Holoenzyme

Cofactor

Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?

Substrate concentration

Temperature

pH

All of the above

All of the above

The inactive form of an enzyme is called:

Holoenzyme

Proenzyme

Apoenzyme

Zymogen

Both B and D

Both B and D

The anomeric carbon in hexose sugars in the Haworth projection is carbon atom:

1

2

3

4

5

1

Glucose is this type of sugar

Triose

Tetrose

Pentose

Hexose

None of the above

Hexose

The disaccharide sucrose contains the following sugars

2 glucose molecules

Glucose + galactose

Glucose + fructose

Glucose + lactose

Glucose + fructose

A 3-carbon sugar containing a ketone group is called a (an):

Aldoheptose

ketohexose

ketotriose

trioketone

ketotriose

Saturated fatty acids contain the following:

1 double bond

2 double bonds

3 double bonds

4 or more double bonds

No double bonds

No double bonds

The bold carbon atom in the following fatty acid is carbon number ___?CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

3

4

5

omega 4

5

All of the following bases are found in DNA EXCEPT:

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Uracil

Cytosine

Uracil

Which of the following nitrogenous bases have the larger chemical structure?

Pyrimidine

Purine

Purine

An organic molecule that certain enzymes required for their catalytic activity:

Cofactor

Coenzyme

Apoenzyme

Holoenzyme

None of the above

coenzyme

GABA is synthesized from the amino acid:

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

Glycine

Glutamate

None of the above

Glutamate

The midpoint of the titration curve represents:

pH = pKa

Region of maximum buffering capacity

Equimolar concentration of acid and base

All of the above

none of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is responsible for mediating allergic reactions?

Melanin

Creatine

Histamine

Serotonin

Histamine

PKU is the most clinically encounter an inborn error of amino acid metabolism which can't break down which amino acid?

Phenylethylamine

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

5-HTP

Phenylalanine

Which of the following peptide hormones cause the gallbladder to secrete bile?

Angiotensin

Gastrin

Gallbladder secratogue

Cholecystokinin

None of the above

Cholecystokinin

Vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure can be caused by this peptide hormone?

Glucagon

Angiotensin

MSH

Somatostatin

Secretin

Angiotensin

The following hormones causes that release of glucose from glycogen reserves when a hypoglycemic condition develops:

Insulin

Glucagon

Both

Neither

Glucagon

A statin like atorvastatin is used to control high levels of this molecule:

Insulin

Cholesterol

Serotonin

Urea

Sphingolipids

Cholesterol

The alpha helix is an example of the:

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary strucutre

Secondary structure

In sickle cell anemia, the amino acid in _____ position in the beta chain is incorrect:

2

3

4

5

6

6

Monosaccharides are building blocks for:

Proteins

Amino acids

Polysaccharides

Lipids

None of the above

Polysaccharides

A sugar found in nucleic acid:

Deoxyribose

Erythrose

Ribose

Glucose

A and C

A and C

If the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon is in the beta configuration it is drawn in the:

Up position

Down position

Up position

The storage form of carbohydrates in animals is:

Starch

Glycogen

Chitin

Cellobiose

All of the above

Glycogen

All of the following polysaccharides are branched EXCEPT:

Amylopectin

Glycogen

Amylose

A and C

B and C

Amylose

Which 2 carbon atoms are responsible for forming a cyclic monosaccharide from linear aldohexose molecule?

C1 and C2

C2 and C5

C3 and C6

C1 and C5

C1 and C6

C1 and C5

The bonds responsible for forming the branches in amylopectin:

Alpha 1,4

Beta 1,4

Alpha 1,6

Beta 1,6

All of the above

Alpha 1,6

What type of glycosidic bond is formed in cellulose?

Alpha 1,4

Alpha 1,6

Beta 1,4

Beta 1,6

Beta 1,4

Deoxyribose is different from ribose because the oxygen atom has been removed at the number ____ position:

1

2

3

4

2

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

Testosterone

Hydroxybuterone

Estradiol

Progesterone

Aldosterone

Hydroxybuterone

This lipoprotein is known as the "bad" cholesterol:

VLDL

IDL

LDL

HDL

LDL

All of the following are macromolecules EXCEPT:

Nucleic acids

Proteins

Polysaccharides

Nucleotides

Lipids

Nucleotides

A solution with a pH of 11 has a hydrogen ion concentration of:

1*10^-11 moles/liter

1*10^-5 moles/liter

1*10^11 moles/liter

1*10^3 moles/liter

1*10^-11 moles/liter

Which amino acid has a beta carboxyl group?

Aspartic acid

Alanine

Glutamic acid

Glutamine

Histidine

Aspartic acid

Amino acids used by the human body are found in the L-configuration isomer.

True

False

True

Which of the following peptides is an inflammatory mediator?

Glutathione

Calcitonin

Gastrin

Bradykinin

None of the above

Bradykinin

When a protein loses its structure and function due to changes in pH and temperature, what has happened?

Synthesis is occurring

The protein is forming a helix

The protein is denatured

It's no longer an amino acid

It's dehydrated

The protein is denatured

An enzyme involved in feedback inhibition are called:

Allosteric enzymes

Holoenzymes

Apoenzymes

Coenzymes

None of the above

Allosteric enzymes

Which of these enzymes are used in clinical diagnosis as biomarkers?

Lactate dehydrogenase

Hydrolase

Isomerase

Amylase

A and D

A and D

The Western blot and ELISA tests can be used to confirm HIV infection:

True

False

True

The three irreversible reactions in Glycolysis are catalyzed by which correct order of enzymes?

Hexokinase, Phosphoglucose Isomerase, Lactate Dehydrogenase

Enolase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Glycogen Synthase

Triose Phosphate Isomerase, Hexokinase, Triose Phosphate Isomerase

Triose Phosphate Isomerase, Phosphofructose Kinase, Aldolase

Hexokinase, Phosphofructosekinase-1, Pyruvate Kinase

Hexokinase, Phosphofructosekinase-1, Pyruvate Kinase

The reactions in Glycolysis that produce (make) ATP are:

Reaction # 2, 8, 9

Reaction # 4 only

Reaction # 7 and 10

Reaction # 1, 3, 6

Reaction # 7 and 10

There are three principal hormones that regulate the body's levels of Glucose. Name two.

Calgon

Insulin and Norepinephrine

Insulin and Glucagon

Thyroxine

Insulin and Glucagon

Upon entering a cell, glucose is phosphorylated; this occurs for two reasons which are:

So that it can add more carbons and become "super glucose"

So that it can multiply

So that Glucose enters the Kreb cycle

Glucose-6-Phosphate cannot leak out across the cell membrane and Glucose-6-Phosphate binds better to the active site of the enzymes

Glucose-6-Phosphate cannot leak out across the cell membrane and Glucose-6-Phosphate binds better to the active site of the enzymes

During Glycolysis, Glucose is converted to how many molecules of Pyruvate?

One

Four

Two

Three

Two

The fates of Pyruvate include all except:

Formation of NADH only

Formation of Lactate (Lactic acid) and NAD+ and Acetyl CoA

Formation of Acetyl-CoA only

Formation of Charcoal and Sucrose

Formation of Charcoal and Sucrose

The Citric Acid Cycle begins with which reaction?

The reaction of Acetyl-CoA with Citrate

The reaction of Acetyl-CoA with Fumarate

The reaction of Acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate

The reaction of Acetyl-CoA with alpha-ketoglutarate

The reaction of Acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate

When one Acetyl-CoA enters the Citric Acid Cycle and reacts starts the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle it is committed to make what?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP are made

2 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 3 GTP are made

Only FADH2 molecules

6 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 3 GTP are made

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP are made

How many total ATP's are produced from the complete oxidation of glucose?

0 ATP

2 ATP are required to transport NADH+ H+ formed by glycolysis from the cytoplasm through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Since 2 ATP are used therefore only 36 ATP are produced instead of 38 ATP.

9 ATP

12 ATP

2 ATP are required to transport NADH+ H+ formed by glycolysis from the cytoplasm through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Since 2 ATP are used therefore only 36 ATP are produced instead of 38 ATP.

Glycolysis takes place in the ___ while the Kreb Cycle takes place in the ___.

I am certain it takes place on planet Earth

Cytosol, Mitochondrion respectively (in this order)

Mitochondrion, Cytosol respectively (in this order)

I really don't remember

Cytosol, Mitochondrion respectively (in this order)

Name the enzymes which catalyze only the irreversible reaction in Glycolysis.

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Aldolase

Triose Phosphate Isomerase

Phosphate Kinase 1, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase

Phosphate Kinase 1, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase

Blood carried Glucose and Insulin to every cell in the body.

True

False

True

Carbohydrates, fats (lipids) can be (are) converted to Acetyl-CoA.

True

False

True

High Blood Glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.

True

False

True

Low Blood Glucose stimulates the pancreas to release Glucagon.

True

False

True

Type 2 Diabetes does not respond to internal insulin to meds that lower Alc, along with proper diet and daily exercise.

True

False

True

Alc levels give a estimate of your blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

True

False

True

The role of Glucagon is that it generally elevates the concentration of glucose in the blood by promoting synthesis of glucose and glycogenolysis (breakdown of Glycogen).

True

False

True

The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is necessary to regenerate NAD+.

True

False

True