Chapter 1 Test- Raya Garyali

studied byStudied by 9 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Technology

1 / 75

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards for Chapter 1 Med Bio

Biology

76 Terms

1

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Example: Computer, phone, sunglasses, etc.

New cards
2

Benefits

Favorable effects of the solution.

New cards
3

Cost and Risk

The Unfavorable effects of the solution.

New cards
4

Engineering Design Process

A method used to develop or improve technology. The process is iterative.

New cards
5

Iterative

Using repeating steps.

New cards
6

Criteria (singular criterion)

Sets a standard on which a solution can be based on.

New cards
7

Constraints

The limitations that a design or solution must stay within.

New cards
8

Tradeoff

An exchange for one thing in return for another.

New cards
9

Brainstorming

Creating idea for a solution by using a decision matrix or Pugh Chart.

New cards
10

Decision Matrix

Each criterion is given a number, weight, based on how important it is.

New cards
11

Prototype

The first build of a design and may not be built to scale or with the final materials.

New cards
12

Testing

It allows engineers to get feedback on the design.

New cards
13

Life cycle analyses

It’s an attempt to evaluate the real cost of a new technology or design. It also considers the environmental impact of materials and wastes from producing the design.

New cards
14

Environmental engineering

The focus on the relationship between humans and the environment in order to develop solutions to the problems.

New cards
15

System

A set of interacting components considered to be a distinct entity for the purpose of studying or understanding.

New cards
16

Boundaries

The space of the system, to separate that system from the rest of the universe.

New cards
17

Components

All parts of the system that interact to help the system carry out specific functions.

New cards
18

Feedback

Information from one step of a cycle that acts to change the behavior of previous of a cycle.

New cards
19

Feedback loop

It’s when an output returns to become an input in the same system that generated the output.

New cards
20

Inputs

What goes into a system

New cards
21

Outputs

What goes out of a system

New cards
22

Opened System

Both inputs and outputs flow in and out freely (both energy and matter).

New cards
23

Closed System

The flow of inputs and outputs are limited. (Only energy is exchanged).

New cards
24

Isolated System

The inputs and outputs are contained.

New cards
25

Inputs and Outputs

Refer to energy matter and information.

New cards
26

5 interconnected spheres

Geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere (not oxygen), anthrosphere (man made stuff).

New cards
27

Biosphere

It'‘s made of ecosystem

New cards
28

Biotic Factor

Living or once living components

New cards
29

Abiotic Factor

Non-Living components like energy and matter.

New cards
30

Levels in Ecosystem (small to big)

Organism, population, communitym ecosystem, biome, biosphere

New cards
31

Terrestrial

Land based Ecosystem (~29%)

New cards
32

Aquatic

Water based ecosystem (~71%)

New cards
33

Characteristics of Living things

  1. made of one or more cells

  2. grow

  3. reproduce

  4. evolve

  5. respond to environmental changes

  6. maintain homeostasis (stable internal conditions)

New cards
34

Habitat

Includes both biotic and abiotic factors (where the organism lives)

New cards
35

Ecological Niche

An environment which includes everything that the organism needs to survive and reproduce. (how the organism lives within the habitat)

New cards
36

Food Sources

Types of food (how species compete for food and where the food is found in the food web)

New cards
37

Abiotic Conditions

The range of air, temperature, and the amount of water the species can tolerate.

New cards
38

Behavior

The time of day species is active (when and where it feeds and reproduces)

New cards
39

Ecosystem

Collection of habitats. A Complex relationship between organsims and their environment.

New cards
40

Predation

When one organism captures and eats another organism. It allows the transfer of energy up the food-web/food-chain

New cards
41

Competition

When organisms compete for limited resources such as food shelter, water, space, and etc.

New cards
42

Symbiosis

relationship between 2 different organisms

New cards
43

Mutualism

both species benefit

New cards
44

commensalism

One benefits the other is neither harmed or benefitted.

New cards
45

Parasitism

One is benefitted the other is harmed

New cards
46

Biodiversity

The measure of the number of different species found in one area.

New cards
47

Biodiversity Hotspot

An area with high levels of biodiversity.

New cards
48

Keystone Species

A single species of individuals that has a strong affect on an ecosystem.

New cards
49

Density

How much matter in a given space.

New cards
50

Population Density

(Equation)

How many individuals living in a given space.

[# of individuals/area(units²)]

New cards
51

Population dispersion

How organisms separate themselves within a population

New cards
52

Clumped

Resources are spread unevenly. Benefits: protection from predators and helps find mate.

New cards
53

Uniformed

When Individual compete. There are limited resources/territory.

New cards
54

Random

Least common pattern, individuals are spread randomly. For example: plants, wind, water, animals.

New cards
55

8 types of sampling

  1. random

  2. stratified

  3. systematic

  4. mark-recapture (tap & release method)

  5. voluntary

  6. evidence

  7. purposive

  8. quadrat (uses grids of known size)

New cards
56

4 things to be known to track population size

  1. immigration

  2. emigration

  3. birth rate

  4. death rate

New cards
57

2 things which population growth depends on

  1. environmental changes

  2. available resources: food, living spaces, H2O, O2

New cards
58

2 patterns of population growth

  1. exponential

  2. logistical

New cards
59

Exponential Growth

The population size will increase drastically over a short amount of time

New cards
60

Logistical growth

The growth of a population levels off to the size that the environment can support.

New cards
61

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individual that the environment can sustain and support.

New cards
62

Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

Competition, predation, and parasitism & disease.

New cards
63

Density-Independent Limiting Factors

Weather, Natural disaster, human activity.

New cards
64

Ecology

A measure of the disturbance & abundance of an organism.

New cards
65

Survey

Sample of a larger population.

New cards
66

Disturbance

Something that causes change to an environment.

  1. Natural disturbances

  2. Human caused disturbances

  • Physical agent

  • Chemical agent

  • Biological agent

New cards
67

What can disturbances do?

  1. destroy habitats

  2. wipeout populations of organisms

  3. contribute to tons of biodiversity

  4. cause fragmentation of ecosystem

  5. alter relationship among organisms

  6. alter the cycling of abiotic factors

New cards
68

Resilience

The ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance.

New cards
69

Genetic Diversity

How much variation in DNA is among a group of species.

New cards
70

Resistance

The ability of an ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances.

New cards
71

Ecological Succesion

A series of biotic changes that occurs on bare land to create a community.

New cards
72

Primary Succession

When an ecosystem is created from bare rock.

New cards
73

Secondary Succesion

When an ecosystem is developed on bare soil.

New cards
74
New cards
75
New cards
76
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3526 people
Updated ... ago
4.9 Stars(15)
note Note
studied byStudied by 17 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4637 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(10)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard60 terms
studied byStudied by 11 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard75 terms
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard48 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard28 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard50 terms
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard41 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard58 terms
studied byStudied by 2928 people
Updated ... ago
3.9 Stars(38)
flashcards Flashcard21 terms
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)