Cranial Nerves, Eye, Muscles of Mastication, Facial Muscles

TO BE ADDED (just for identify and justify for now)

Label these nerves

What are some neumonics for memorizing the nerves?

Oh, Oh, Oh, They Traveled And Found Voledemort Guarding Very Secret Horocruxes

What nerve exits from the cribriform plate?

Olfactory Nerve (CN I )

What nerve exits from optic canal?

Optic Nerve (CN II)

What nerve exits from Superior Orbital Fissure

Occulomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal V1 (Opthalmic nerve), and Abducens nerve (CN III - VI)

What nerve exits from the forament rotundum

Trigeminal V2 (maxillary nerve)

What nerve exits from the foramen ovale

trigeminal V3 (mandibular nerve)

What nerve exits from the sylomastoid foramen

Facial nerve (CN VIII)

What nerve exits internal acoustic meatus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

What nerve exits the jugular foramen

Glosspharyngeal, Vagus, and Spinal accessory nerve (CN IX - CN XI)

What nerbe exits from the hypoglossal canal

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

label (with the nerves)

label (with the nerves)

Important for SMELL

Describe the trajectory of the olfactory nerves

pass through the tiny foramina in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

• The olfactory area also includes the superior 1/3rd of the nasal cavity

Sensory nerve, supplying the retina of the eye for vision

Label the eye

Describe the occulomotor nerve

• Chief motor nerve to 5 extra-ocular muscles (SR, IR, MR, IO, LP) and intra-ocular (sphincter pupillae, cillary muscle)

• CN III emerges from midbrain

  • through cavernous sinus

• Exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

What does the occulomotor nerves innervate?

• The Sphincter Pupillae and Cillary Muscle

  • carries parasympathetic information

    • to the smooth muscle of the sphincter pupillae - causes constriction of pupil

    • to the cillary muscles - produces accommodation (lens rounded) for near vision

What are the two intraocular muscles that regulate pupil size

Pupillary Sphincter - narows the pupil (parasympathetic innervation)

Pupillary Dilator - enlarges the pupil (sympathetic innervation)

Describe the Trochlear Nerve

• Motor nerve to one extra-ocular muscle (SO)

  • CN IV emerges from posterior surface of midbrain

  • passes anteriorly around brainstem, through cavernous sinus

• exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

Describe the Abducent Nerve

• Motor nerve to one extra-ocular eye muscle (LR)

• CN VI emerges from brainstem between pons and medulla

  • through the cavernous sinus

• Exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

Label the cavernous sinus

Label the cavernous sinus

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve

The trigeminal nerve iteslf emerges from the lateral aspect of pons - large sensory root; small motor root

• Opthalmic nerve → exits superior orbital fissure

• maxillary nerve → exits forament rotundum

• mandibular nerve → exits foramen ovale

Sensory - face, oral, nasal, and sinus mucosa; teeth; anterior 2/3 tongue

Motor - muscles of mastication and 4 other small muscles

Label the exits of the brain and which nerve exits from them

Label the trigeminal nerve

Describe the cranial nerves from CN VII-XII

CN VII and VIII - between pons and medulla (CN VI also in this region)

CN IX - XI are lateral to the medulla oblongota, behind the olive

CN XII more medial between pyramid and olive

Label

What are the neumotics for the facial nerves?

Temporal - To

Zygomatic - Zanzibar

Buccal - By

Mandibular - Motor

Cervical - Car

• Sensory and motor nerve that supply nerves for taste, and muscles of facial expression

Label this nerve

Label these nerves

Label this nerve

Whats a neumonic for cranial nerve functions?

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most

Label this diagram

What is this structure and it’s function?

• Produces tears important for lubrication of the eye

How many muscles are in the eye?

7 muscles of the orbit

• 6 involved in moving the eye, 1 involved in moving the eyelid

Describe the different movements of the eye

• Intorsion: Internal rotation

• Extorsion: external rotation

Label the eye muscles

Label the eye muscles

Label the eye muscles

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Origin

Sphenoid bone

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Insertion

Superior Eyelid

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Innervation

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Action

Elevation of the upper eye lid

Superior Oblique Origin

Sphenoid Bone

Superior Oblique Insertion

Sclera (deep to superior rectus)

Superior Oblique Innervation

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Superior Oblique action

Intorsion of the eyeball

Depression of eyeball

Abduction of eyeball

Inferior Oblique Origin

Floor of orbit

Inferior Oblique Insertion

Sclera (deep to lateral rectus)

Inferior Oblique Innervation

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Inferior Oblique Action

Extorsion of eyeball

Elevation of eyeball

Abduction of eyeball

Superior Rectus Origin

Common Tendinous Ring

Superior Rectus Insertion

Sclera

Superior Rectus Innervation

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Superior Rectus Action

Intorsion of eyeball

Elevation of eyeball

Adduction of eyeball

Inferior Rectus Origin

Common Tendinous Ring

Inferior Rectus Insertion

Sclera

Inferior Rectus Innervation

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Inferior Rectus Action

Extorsion of eyeball

Depression of eyeball

Adduciton of eyeball

Medial Rectus Origin

Common Tendinous Ring

Medial Rectus Insertion

Sclera

Medial Rectus Innervation

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Medial Rectus Action

Adduction of eyeball

Lateral Rectus Origin

Common Tendinous Ring

Lateral Rectus Insertion

Sclera

Lateral Rectus Innervation

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Lateral Rectus Action

Abduction of eyeball

Describe the actions of each of the eye muscles

Obliques - abduction

Superior and inferior rectus - adduction

Superiors (oblique and rectus) - intorsion

Inferiors (oblique and rectus) - extorsion

(and then adduction and abduction for medial and lateral rectus)

Label these nerves

Label this prossection

Label this prosection

Label this prosection

Label the external ear

Label the middle ear

What separates the external and middle ear?

Tympanic membrane

Label the internal ear

Describe the Temporomandibular joint

• Articulation between mandibular fossa (temporal bone) and head of condyloid process of mandible

• Movements include

  • Elevation (close mouth)

  • Depression (open mouth)

  • Protrusion (protrude chin)

  • Retrusion (retrude chin)

  • Lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

Describe the space of the infratemporal fossa

• Medial/deep and inferior to zygomatic arch

• Consider space between:

  • Ramus of Mandible

  • Lateral Pterygoid Plate

  • Maxila

  • Inferior Surface of Greater Wing of Sphenoid Mastoid and styloid processes of temporal bone

Label the structures in the infratemporal fossa

Label the infratemporal fossa

Label the osteology of the skull

Label the mandible

Label the Mandiblee

Label diagram

Of pterygoid process

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Division (V3)

What is the Infratemporal fossa bounded by?

• Ramus of Mandible

• Maxilla

• Greater Wing of Sphenoid Bone

• Lateral Pterygoid Plate (of sphenoid Bone)

Label the Muscles of Mastication

Label these muscles of mastication

Label these muscles of mastication

Label these muscles of mastication

Temporalis Origin

Temporalis Fossa

Temporalis Insertion

Coronoid Process of Mandible