Systems Path Section 5- The heart pg 26-50

left ventricle overworked by increased HTN

systemic hypertensive heart disease

complications associated with systemic hypertensive heart disease

CHF, arrhythmia, stroke, renal failure

how does systemic hypertensive heart disease occur?

hypertrophy of left ventricle not accompanied by increased blood supply

who gets systemic hypertensive heart disease?

those with history of HTN (African Americans)

possible causes of systemic hypertensive heart disease

stress, high sodium, low physical activity, atherosclerosis

right sided heart disease due to a lung pathology causing right ventricular hypertrophy

pulmonary hypertensive heart disease

acute pulmonary hypertensive heart disease is associated with what?

large PE (saddle embolism) which obstructs pulmonary a.

chronic pulmonary hypertensive heart disease is associated with what?

prolonged lung pathology

what accounts for 30% of all birth defects ranging from mild to severe/lethal?

congenital heart disease

risks associated with congenital heart disease

prematurity, trisomies, teratogens, material diabetes, fetal infection

left-to-right shunts

VSD, ASD, PDA

right-to-left shunts

tetralogy of fallout, transposition of great arteries

examples of obstructed flow causing CHD

valve stenosis, aortic coarctation

MC congenital heart defect (left-to-right shunt in ventricles)

ventricular septal defect

how does VSD occur?

increased pressure on R side of heart and pulmonary circulation

2nd MC congenital heart defect (left to right shunt in atria)

atrial septal defect

congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects (right to left shunt)

tetralogy of fallot

the defects associated with tetralogy of fallot

VSD, pulmonary valve stenosis, overriding aorta, R ventricular hypertrophy

tetralogy of fallot is the MC congenital heart disease to cause ________

cyanosis

tetralogy of fallot is characterized by a ______ - shaped heart

boot

how does tetralogy of fallot occur?

4 malformations -> deoxygenated blood to be pumped into circulation -> cyanosis

swapped aorta and pulmonary trunk which is "incompatible with postnatal life" if no intervention is done = cyanosis + death

transposition of the great arteries

with transposition of the great arteries, the right ventricle is connected ->

aorta

with transposition of the great arteries, left ventricle is connected ->

pulmonary artery

how does transposition of the great arteries occur?

R ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into systemic circulation