TOEFL - archaeology, history, anthropology

manufacture

to make goods using machines or by hand, often in large quantities

depository

a place where things are stored or kept safe

Excavation

the process of digging up and uncovering ancient sites

excavator

a person or machine that digs up soil or removes earth

vessel

a container used for holding liquids; also, a ship or large boat

foodstuff

any substance used as food

lapidary

a person who cuts, polishes, or engraves gems

loom weights

weights used to keep threads taut on a loom during weaving

loom

a device used for weaving threads into fabric

weaving

the process of making fabric by interlacing threads

potter

a person who makes pottery by shaping clay

Clay sealings

clay pieces used to seal containers or documents, often with markings

reddish

slightly red in color

smithy

a workshop where metal is heated and worked into shape

residential quarter

an area where people live

fume

smoke or gas, often strong-smelling or harmful

high potential for

a strong likelihood or possibility of something happening

pit

a large hole dug in the ground

altered guise

a changed or different appearance or form

bin

a container for storing things

planter

a container in which plants are grown; also, a person who plants crops

populace

the people living in a particular area

wreck

a destroyed or badly damaged object, especially a ship or vehicle

ware

products made of a particular material or used for a particular purpose (e.g. glassware)

utterly

completely or totally

clog

阻塞；堵塞

condensation

凝結；凝華

convene

召集；集合

dealt

（deal 的過去分詞）已處理

dictate

支配；決定；下達命令

dike

堤壩；防洪堤

erect

豎立；建立

formidable

強大且令人畏懼的

formative

形成中的；塑造性的

homogeneity

同質性；一致性

imperial court

皇室朝廷

in periods of ...

在…期間

inscription

銘文；刻字

inundation

洪水；淹沒

lift

抬升；上升

loess

黃土

meritorious deed

功績；值得稱讚的行為

monsoon

季風

mutual pledge

共同承諾

neutralization

中和；解除

over and above technical considerations

除了技術考量之外

plain

平原

porous

多孔的；能滲透的

predicament

困境；窘境

pressing demand

迫切需求

principality

諸侯國；小公國

put ... under a strong leader

將…置於強而有力的領袖管轄

remain in force

仍然有效；繼續施行

silt

淤泥；細泥沙

steppe

乾草原；大草原

total

全部的；完全的(complete in extent or degree)

unification

統一；合併

uniformity

一致；劃一

coordinated effort

協調一致的努力

league of states

諸侯國聯盟；邦聯

asteroid

小行星

settlement

居住區;安頓; 清算

preserved

保存完好的

cylinder

圓筒

tablets

平板; 碑

sedimentary

沉積的

seals

海豹

invertebrates

無脊椎動物

deposits

沈澱; 堆積物

cuneiform

楔形文字

carved

雕刻的

grain

穀物

peasant

農民

cattle

牛

mill

磨坊; 製造廠

reclamation

開墾; 教化; 改造

presses

壓力機

predynastic

王朝前

course

路線; 過程; 經過; 課程

assembly

集會; 與會者

raw

未加工的;不成熟的

prairie

草原

plain

平淡

pastures

牧場

hereditary

遺傳

egalitarian

平等主義的

roughly

大致地

frontier

邊境; 邊界

conquest

征服

aristocratic

貴族的

acres

英畝

pastoralism

畜牧業

pastoralist

牧民

inhabitants

居民

nomadism

游牧生活

westward

向西地

southward

向南地

pastoralists

牧民

eurasia

歐亞大陸

communal

公用的