IB Psychology - Personal Relationships

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions
Get a hint
Hint

Relationship

Get a hint
Hint

The way in which two or more people are connected (romantic/professional/friendship etc.)

Get a hint
Hint

Communication

Get a hint
Hint

Ways to exchange knowledge through speaking, writing/reading etc.   

1 / 35

flashcard set

Earn XP

36 Terms

1

Relationship

The way in which two or more people are connected (romantic/professional/friendship etc.)

New cards
2

Communication

Ways to exchange knowledge through speaking, writing/reading etc.   

New cards
3

Placebo group

A group in an experiment that receive a fake treatment without knowing it is fake to reduce biases such as social desirability

New cards
4

Dopamine

A chemical messenger that helps control movement, motivation, and pleasure

New cards
5

Cortisol

A glucocorticoid hormone, often called the "stress hormone," released by the adrenal glands in response to physical or psychological stress

New cards
6

Romantic Love

Strong feelings of attraction towards another person resulting in courtship behaviours to express emotions

New cards
7

Serotonin

A chemical messenger in the brain that is involved in controlling your mood.  

New cards
8

Oxytocin

Hormone that acts on organs in the body and as a chemical messenger in the brain (controls key aspects of the reproductive system including childbirth and lactation

New cards
9

Neurotransmitters

Electrochemical messengers that travel through neurons to the brain/CNS.  

New cards
10

Evolution

The process that organisms adapt and develop to their surroundings depending on their environment and evolutionary pressures

New cards
11

Genes

Short sections of DNA that code for specific physical/behavioural characteristics

New cards
12

Hormones

Chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that travel through the blood system to influence the nervous system to regulate behaviours such as aggression, mating, and parenting of individuals. 

New cards
13

Pheremones

A secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Evolutionary psychologists argue that our “smell” (pheromones) is the sign of our MHC

New cards
14

Similarity Attraction hypothesis

Theory that assumes that we are attracted to or form close friendships with people who we perceive to be similar to ourselves.

New cards
15

Perception

The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.   

New cards
16

Social Desirability bias

 Changing aspects of our personality or answers on a questionnaire to fit into a group.

New cards
17

Matching hypothesis

Theory that people are more likely to form and succeed in a committed relationship with someone who is equally socially desirable, typically in the form of physical attraction

New cards
18

The Halo Effect

When one trait of a person or thing is used to make an overall judgement of that person or thing 

New cards
19

Cognitive bias

The tendency to act irrationally due to our lack of ability to process information in an objective matter 

New cards
20

Sociability

An individual's tendency or preference to interact with and affiliate with others, often enjoying being in social situations and forming relationships (popular/unpopular, friendly/unfriendly, makes friends easily/has trouble making friends)

New cards
21

Altruism

A motivational state where an individual acts with the goal of increasing the welfare of another person, regardless of personal benefit or reciprocity (helpful/unhelpful, cooperative/uncooperative, kind/cruel) 

New cards
22

Intelligence

(smart/stupid, fast learner/slow learner, gets good grades/gets bad grades)

Social intelligence refers to the ability to understand and navigate social situations, including understanding and managing interpersonal relationships, and recognising social cues and rule

New cards
23

Schemas - internal working model

A mental representation of our relationship with our primary caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships and allows individuals to predict, control and manipulate their environment. First bonded relationship  

New cards
24

Proximity principal

Theory that people closer together in a physical environment are more likely to form a relationship than those farther away

New cards
25

Mere-exposure effect

Suggests that people tend to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them

New cards
26

Psychological proximity

The tendency of people to form relationships with those who are close by.  

New cards
27

Culture

The values, beliefs, language, rituals, traditions, and other behaviours that are passed from one generation to another within any social group

New cards
28

Self-disclosure

The act of sharing personal information with another person

New cards
29

Natural selection

Organisms that are adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes (mechanism of survival)

New cards
30

Pathogen

Microorganism that causes disease

New cards
31

MHC genes

Major Histocompatibility complex: Our personal genes that control what pathogens the immune system can detect (more diverse = stronger immune system). MHC genes are inherited equally from our parents

New cards
32

The Four Horsemen

Metaphor used to describe communication styles that, according to research, can predict the end of a relationship. They are Criticism, Defensiveness, Contempt and Stonewalling

New cards
33

Relationship attribution

How individuals explain the causes of behaviors and events within their social interactions, forming inferences about others' actions based on situational or personal factors, which impacts how we perceive and react to them. Related to communication in relationships. Couples that are in happy relationships engage in relationship-enhancing patterns when there is disagreement - they don't blame their partner or assume that the partner did things "on purpose." Relationship-enhancing style refers to the tendency of happy couples to attribute their partner’s good acts to internal factors and bad acts to external factors. Negative behaviours are attributed to situational factors

New cards
34

Distress-maintaining attribution

Explanations for negative events or behaviors that are interpreted in a way that perpetuates or intensifies negative feelings, often attributing them to internal, stable, and controllable factors. When unhappy couples blame their partners for what happens and don't give them credit for positive events

New cards
35

Situational factors - parenthood

External influence which can impact a child or young person’s life  

New cards
36

Lack of equity

Avoidable differences between groups of people  

New cards
robot