health and healing week 1

what is health

wellness

• subjective experience of being healthy

illness

a subjective experience of loss of health

disease 

an objective state of illness detected by medical science 

health as stability 

• Maintenance of physiological, functional and social norms and encompasses views of health as a state, as a process, as adaptation, and as homeostasis

health as actualization

Actualization of human potential

health as actualization and stabilization

defines health as “the realization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others, while adapting to meet the demands of everyday life and maintain harmony with the social and physical environments”

health as a resource

Capacities to fulfill roles, meet demands, and engage in the activities of everyday living

health as unity

defines health as “reflecting the whole person as process and is synonymous with self-transcendence” or actualization.

WHO quote

Health is a resource for everyday life, a dimension of our quality of life and not the object of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities

components of conceptualization of health

Feeling vitalized and full of energy

Having satisfying social relationships 

Having a feeling of control over one’s life and living conditions • Being able to do things that one enjoys • Having a sense of purpose • Feeling connected to community

components of health

Subjective • Person centred 

Both physical and psychological well-being 

Positive (note based on pathology or deficit) 

Comprehensive (include a broad set of determinants) 

Pay attention to mental health 

Inclusive of quality of life & spirituality

medical model

Medical intervention restores health

Physiological risk factors 

Physical characteristics are precursors for disease

Scientific medicine solves most health problems

medical model beliefs

An adequate health care system keeps people healthy

Accessible and quality health care would improve Canadians health

behavioral model

• Extensive spending on healthcare but health was still declinine

• Responsibility of health was placed on the individual

lalonde report

Shifted from medical model to behavioural approach

lalonde report determinants of health

Lifestyle

Environment 

Human biology 

Organization of health care

socio environmental

1980’s: Health was linked to social structures 

Internationally more attention was given to social context of health

1986 – WHO’s 1st conference on Health Promotion creating a watershed document 

“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

ottawa charter

• Watershed moment for Health Promotion 

• Social, Environmental & Political – puts the responsibility of health on social, environmental & political systems 

• Prerequisites for Health

ottawa charter prerequisites for health

Peace Shelter Education Food Income Equity Stable Ecosystem Sustainable Resources Justice

ottawa charter findings

Build healthy public policy

. Create supportive environments

Strengthen community action

Develop personal skills

Reorient health services

healthy pubic policy

policy shapes how money, power and material resources are distributed to society. Public policy is created by governments.

create supportive env

ensures that our physical living and working environments are healthy and safe.

strenghten community action

Public participation in all phases of community programs is key to community developmen

develop personal skills

Maximizes opportunities to make healthy lifestyle choices.

re orient health services

improved patient access to primary health care services Shift health care focus to health promotion and disease prevention

jake epp

• Reflects on socio-environment

• Canada’s blueprint for achieving the WHO goal “Health for All 2000”

• Need for ways to prevent injuries, illnesses, chronic conditions and disabilities

epp three challenges

Reducing inequities

Increasing prevention

Enhancing coping mechanism

labont

Categorized the Major Determinants of Health:

Psycho-social Risk Factors

Socio-environmental Risk Conditions

psycho social risk factors

Limited Social Networks; isolation; poor self esteem; low perceived power etc

socia environmental risk conditions

Poverty; low educational or occupational status; dangerous / stressful work; powerlessness; inequities of income or power

jakarta declration

Affirmed the Ottawa Charter and added as determinants

1. human rights 2. social security 3. social relations 4. empowerment of women 

Declared poverty to be the greatest threat to health

tonronto charter

Conference specific to Canada focused on increasing social and economic inequalities

Identified the following SDoH as particularly important for health

why did the tonronto charter pick the determinants

These SDoHwere chosen because (a) they are important to Canadians (b) understandable to Canadians (c) have clear policy relevance to decision makers and citizens; and (d)are timely and relevant

tonronto charter determinants of health

Indigenous status • Early life • Education • Employment & working conditions • Food security • Gender • Health care services • Housing • Income • Social safety net • Social exclusion • Unemployment & employment security