Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

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Biology

23 Terms

1

What are the three levels of plant body organization?

Cells, Tissues, Organs.

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2

What is the main function of root hairs?

To increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

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3

What type of root system is characterized by many lateral roots and a main vertical root?

Taproot system.

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4

What type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?

Monocots, such as grasses.

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5

What are the two main functions of the shoot system in plants?

Reproduction and photosynthesis.

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6

What are the differences between monocot and eudicot leaves in terms of venation?

Monocots have parallel veins, while eudicots have netlike veins.

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7

What type of plant cells are involved with photosynthesis and storage?

Parenchyma cells.

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8

What is the main distinguishing feature of sclerenchyma cells?

They are support cells that are dead at maturity and have thick lignified walls.

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9

What is the role of the vascular tissue in plants?

To conduct water (xylem) and nutrients (phloem) throughout the plant.

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10

What defines primary growth in plants?

Growth that occurs at the tips of roots and shoots, leading to an increase in length.

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11

What is the main difference between annuals and perennials?

Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, while perennials can live indefinitely.

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12

What are the two types of meristems responsible for plant growth?

Apical meristems for primary growth and lateral meristems for secondary growth.

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13

What is the function of stomata in leaves?

To allow air to reach photosynthetic ground tissue.

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14

What three important developmental processes control plant development?

Growth, Morphogenesis, Differentiation.

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15

Why is Arabidopsis considered a model laboratory plant?

It has a whole genome sequence and is used to learn about the functions of different genes.

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16

What is the function of xylem in plants?

To transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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17

What is the function of phloem in plants?

To transport food (sugars) produced by photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

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18

What are guard cells and their function?

Specialized cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange.

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19

What role do auxins play in plant growth?

Auxins are hormones that promote elongation of plant cells and are involved in regulating growth direction.

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20

What is transpiration in plants?

The process of water vapor loss from plant leaves through stomata.

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21

What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

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22

What is a meristem?

A region in plants that contains undifferentiated cells capable of continuous growth.

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23

What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate growth in plants?

Determinate growth stops after reaching a certain size, while indeterminate growth continues throughout the life of the plant.

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