Period 3 APUSH

Navigation Acts

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Writs of Assistance

search warrants used to enter homes, ships, or businesses to search for smuggled goods

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Sugar Act of 1764

An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Quartering Act

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Declaratory Act (1766)

Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.

No taxation without representation

This is a theory of popular government that developed in England. This doctrine was used by the colonists to protest the Stamp Act of 1765. The colonists declared that they had no one representing them in Parliament, so Parliament had no right to tax them. England continued to tax the colonists causing them to deny Parliament's authority completely. Thus, the colonists began to consider their own political independence. This eventually led to revolutionary consequences.

Townshend Acts (1767)

passed by Parliament, put a tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts caused protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its little profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Boston Tea Party (1773)

American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.

Coercive Acts

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in their own homes.

First Continental Congress (1774)

Delegates from every colony except Georgia to decide how to react to the Intolerable Acts

Lexington and Concord

first battles of the Revolutionary War

Second Continental Congress

Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition. They Decided to write the Declaratuion of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Egalitarianism

the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights

Inalienable Rights

Found in the Declaration of Independence. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

George Washington

Commander of the Continental Army

Battle of Saratoga (October 1777)

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause.

Battle of Trenton

On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Delaware River. The next morning, they surprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians.

Battle of Cowpens

An overwhelming victory by American Revolutionary forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, in the Southern campaign of the American Revolutionary War.

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

last major battle of Revolution. French navy and ground troops were crucial to victory.

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

John Hanson

President of the Articles of Confederation (so could be viewed as first president of the country!)

John Locke

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies. It allowed the colonies to govern themselves.

Parliament

the lawmaking body of British government

House of Burgesses

Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618.

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Virginia Plan

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

New Jersey Plan

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population.

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

3/5 Compromise

the decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress

Federalists

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

The Federalists Papers

This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Pay off all war debts, raise government revenues, create a national bank

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans:

Dem-Rep. led by Jefferson and Madison, desire loose gov. political organization, aka Republicans. Feds led by Hamilton , desire strong central gov. political organization, and a National Bank