ch. 9 Weight management

what factors influence weight management?

individual choices, availability of healthy food options, distant to purchase fruits and vegetables, and exposure to food advertisements

how do genetic factors contribute to body composition?

Genes, influence body size, shape, fat distribution, metabolic rate, and the intensity to gain weight

what is set point theory?

it suggests that our bodies maintain a stable weight in a narrow range, adjusting calorie burning based on food intake

what role do fat cells play in body composition?

some individuals are born with more fat cells, and over eating can create additional fat cells, affecting fat storage

define metabolism

The sum of processes by which food energy and nutrients are made available and used by the body

what is resting metabolic rate (RMR)

The energy required to maintain vital body functions while at rest, including respiration and heart rate

what is energy balance?

A condition where energy intakes equal energy expenditure

how do hormones affect weight management?

Hormonal changes can contribute to fat accumulation and regulate appetite, with insulin playing a key role in obesity

what is the carbohydrate – insulin model of obesity?

it suggests that calories from carbohydrates and sugar impact insulin levels driving increases the body fat

what does gut MICROBIOTA relate to obesity

different compositions of intestinal, bacteria and overrated individuals suggested a linked to obesity, influenced by processed food consumption

what impact sleep have on weight management?

Short sleep, duration is associated with increased BMI and abdominal obesity, affecting hormone levels and metabolism

how do food marketing in public policy affect food choices?

marketing and pricing strategies can promote unhealthy, eating habits, particularly in low income neighborhoods

what is binge eating?

A pattern of eating were normal conception is interpreted by episodes of excessive food intake

what is the prevalence of obesity in the US?

over 42% of Americans age, 20 and older, have obesity, with significant rates of overweight among adults and children

List some risk associated with obesity

increase risk of heart, disease, hypertension, certain cancers, gallbladder, disease, and type two diabetes

what is considered overweight?

A body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9, indicating body weight above the recommended range for health

define obesity

Severe overweight characterized by excessive body fat often defined by a BMI of 30 or more

how is body mass index (BMI) calculate

by dividing body weight in kilograms by the squares of height in meters

what are the visceral and subcutaneous fat?

Visceral fat is located around major organs, while subcutaneous fat is found underneath the skin

what is body image?

The mental representation of one’s body, influence by cultural norms and affecting attitudes towards body weight

what is body dysmorphic disorder (BBD)?

A condition where individuals are overly concerned with perceived physical flaws, not noticeable to others

what are eating disorders?

serious disturbances in eating patterns, characterized by negative body image and concerns about body weight

what is anorexia nervosa

and eating disorder, characterized by self starvation and intense fear of gaining weight

what is the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity?

obesity prevalence decreases a families, income, increase, reflecting access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities

what is disorder eating

abnormal eating habits in attitudes about food that disrupts an individuals, life, without meeting criteria for an eating disorder

what defines bulimia nervosa?

an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in purging to prevent weight gain

what is purging in the context of eating disorders?

The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten

what is OSFED (other specified feeding or eating disorders)

category describing a feeding or eating disorder that does not need the full diagnostic criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or binge cheating disorder

what are the main components of treating eating disorders?

medical management and psychological therapy, addressing physical issues and problematic eating behaviors

what lifestyle habits are recommended for managing weight and prevent preventing disease

good eating habits, regular physical activity, positive thinking strategies, and coping strategies for stress

what does my plate suggested reguarding total calories?

approximately daily energy intakes based on gender age, height, weight, and activity level, focusing on individual energy balance

Why is portion size important for weight management

people underestimate portion sizes by as much as 25% making it critical to limit portion sizes for effective weight management

what is energy density in food?

The number of calories per ounce of gram of low energy density foods have high volume with few calories with high energy density foods provide many calories in a small portion

What eating habits can help you healthy metabolism

eating small frequent meals every 3 to 4 hours

what role does physical activity plan in weight management?

it helps to prevent weight gain, lose weight and maintain weight loss and combination of exercise and diet yields the best results

what is the recommended rate of weight loss?

0.5–2.0 pounds per week requiring a negative energy balance at least 250 to 1000 cal per day

what should a responsible weight loss program include

healthy eating plant tips for increasing physical activity, culture considerations, and a plan for maintaining weight loss

what are common characteristics of prescription medication’s for weight loss?

They are recommended for individuals with a BMI over 30 or additional risk factors and often as appetite suppressant

what is bariatric surgery

A surgical intervention for severe obesity recommended for a BMI greater than 40 or greater than 35 with obesity related illness

what are potential complications of bariatric surgery?

nutritional deficiencies with fat intolerance, nausea, vomiting, reflux, and the possibility of requiring follow up surgery

what is a key strategy for gaining weight healthy

A gradual program that includes both exercise and dietary changes, focusing on strength training in a high carbohydrate, high protein diet

what is the importance of energy balance?

It is critical for both weight, loss and weight gain, ensuring the caloric intake alliance with energy expenditure

what is a common misconception about weight loss plans?

Many plans make empty promises and may not provide effective sustainable strategies for weight management

what are some recommended dietary approaches for weight management?

Mediterranean style – and flexible, semi vegetarian diets are among the most recommended

what is the significance of self-esteem and managing eating disorders?

Low self-esteem and negative emotions can hinder healthy lifestyle, choices, positive self talk, and realistic goals are important

what role does therapy play in treating eating disorders

therapy can be individual or group based addressing emotional issues and promoting healthier eating behaviors

what is the impact of negative energy balance on weight loss

A negative energy balance is necessary for weight loss, but it should be approach gradually in subtly

how can individuals maintain weight loss effectively?

In engaging in high levels of physical activity in adopting, a balanced diet are critical for maintaining weight loss