Unit 6, Module 51, Challenges of Urban Changes, Vocab - Human Geography AP

mortgage

A loan that is taken out to purchase a home

redlining

The practice of identifying high-risk neighborhoods on a city map and refusing to lend money to people who want to buy property in those neighborhoods

Blockbusting

A practice in which realtors persuade white homeowners in a neighborhood to sell their homes by convincing them that the neighborhood is declining due to black families moving in

White flight

The mass movement of white people from the city to the suburbs

Affordability

The maximum prrice that a buyer can afford to pay for a house or apartment

housing choice voucher program

A federal government program to assist very-low-income families, the elderly, and the disabled with affordable, decent, safe, and sanitary housing

Violent crime

A category of crime that includes murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault

Social controls

Formal or informal institutions that help to maintain law and order in a place

Environmental injustice

Occurs when certain groups carry a larger share of environmental risks and hazards than groups who have the power to influence decisions about the environment

Environmental racism

Occurs when areas inhabited by low-income people of color are targeted for environmental contamination

Environmental justice

The movement to fix environmental discrimination

Squatter settlements

An area of degraded, seemingly temporary, inadequate, and often illegal housing

Land tenure

The right to own or hold property; it defines the ways in which rights to that property are managed

Inclusionary zoning (IZ)

Municipal and county planning ordinances that require a given share of new construction to be affordable for people with low to moderate incomes

Exclusionary zoning

Zoning that attempts to keep low- to moderate-income people out of a neighborhood

NIMBYs

Abbreviation for "not in my backyard"; term for people who try to prevent the construction of affordable housing and other types of development in their neighborhood

Below market rate housing

Housing that costs much less than the going rate

Urban renewal

Large-scale redevelopment of the built environment in downtown and older inner-city neighborhoods

Fiscal imbalance

Occurs when a government must spend more than it recieves on taxes

Fiscal zoning

The practice of using local land-use regulation to preserve and possibly enhance the local property tax base