Biology

Gene

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from the parent to offspring

Homologous

Chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

Gamete

a sex cell

Haploid

a cell that contains a single set of genes

Fertilization

process (in sexual reproduction) in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Diploid

a cell that contains two sets of Homologous chromosomes

Meiosis

process in which a number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Crossing over

a process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromosomes during meiosis (prophase I)

Genetics

science of heredity

Allele

one of different forms of a gene

Principal of dominance

mendlian law states that some allels are dominant and some are recessive

Trait

one specific characteristic of an individual

Homozygous

organizing with two identical allels for a specific trait

Heterzygous

organisms with two different allels for a particular gene

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

observable/physical characteristic of an organism

Segregation

separation of alleles during gamete formation

Hybrid

offspring of crosses between parents with differences parents with different traits

Law of Independence assortment

Mendelian law that states the genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Polyploidy

condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes