Dental Radiology (might need adjustments)

All forms of energy are measured by?

Wavelength

Who invented X-rays in what year?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895

Wavelengths are measured from…

Crest to crest and trough to trough

Electromagnetic energy travels at the speed of

Light, which is 186,000 miles per second

Long wavelengths are…

Soft Radiation (Lower energy, lower frequency, less penetrating power)

Short wavelengths are…

Hard Radiation (High frequency, high energy, high penetrating power)

Primary Radiation

Central beam from X-Ray Tube, high energy which exposes the film

Secondary Radiation

Reflects off of primary beam when it strikes matter

Scatter Radiation

Type of Secondary Radiation which is either deflected from or absorbed into the patients face

Leakage Radiation

Radiation leaking from the machine which escapes in all directions

What are the two types of X-rays?

Intra Oral Films and Extra Oral Films

What are the two types of cells in the body

Genetic and Somatic

Genetic Cells

Reproductive cells, sensitive to radiation, effects are passed on to future generations

Somatic Cells

All cells besides reproductive, effects stay with individual, examples such as cancer and cataracts

ALARA stands for

As low as reasonably achievable

REM stands for

Roentgen Equivalent Man, unit of radiation exposure

MPD

Maximum Permissible Dose

Sievert (Sv)

Unit of radiation exposure

Occupational exposure limit?

.05 Sv or 5 Rems

Dosimeter

Film Badge which records the amount of radiation exposure

55% of your daily radiation exposure comes from

Natural Sources, such as the earth, sun, atmosphere, radon

45% of your daily radiation exposure comes from

Artificial Sources, such as X-rays, TV, tobacco, and airline travel

Latent Image is…

the image on film after exposure before processing

Latent period refers to…

the period of time between radiation exposure and symptoms of damage

#1 is the

Control Panel

#2 is the

Extension Arm

#3 is the

Tube Head

#4 is the

Tube

What are the two sides in the Tube Head?

cathode (negative side) and anode (positive side)

2 components found in the Cathode?

Coil or Filament, and the Focusing cup

5 components found in the Anode side?

Tungsten Target, aperture window, aluminum filter, lead diaphragm/collimator, cone/PID

Film is coated on both sides with…

Crystals

The larger the crystals on the film

The faster the film is developed

3 types of intra oral X-rays?

Bitewings, PA Radiographs, Occlusal Radiographs

3 types of extra oral X-rays?

Panoramic (PAN), Cephalometric (Ceph), Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

What 2 solutions are used to process film?

Developer and Fixer

Composition of Fixer solution?

Sodium Thiosulfate and Acetic Acid

Composition of Developer Solution?

Hydroquinone and Elon