NURS 104 Chapter 4 Musculoskeletal System

Hx

history

Fx

fracture

Tx

traction or treatment

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

MCL

medial collateral ligament

LCL

lateral collateral ligament

PCL

posterior cruciate ligament

C1-C7

cervical vertebrae

T1-T12

thoracic vertebrae

L1-L5

lumbar vertebrae

S1-S5

sacral vertebrae

DTR

deep tendon reflex (tapping the knee for reflex)

EMG

electromyogram

FROM

full range of motion

NSAID

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

OA

osteoarthritis

ORIF

open reduction internal fixation

PT

physical therapy

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

ROM

range of motion

WB

weight bearing

WBAT

weight bearing as tolerated

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

lower back

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

finger

carp/o

wrist

cost/o

rib

femor/o

femur

tibi/o

tibia

tars/o

ankle

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa (small fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints)

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

ton/o

tone, tension

kinesi/o, kinet/o

movement, motion

tax/o (think taxidermy)

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

costalgia (cost/algia)

rib pain

metatarsalgia (meta/tars/algia)

pain in the bones of the foot (after/ankle/pain)

ostalgia (ost/algia)

bone pain

osteodynia (osteo/dynia)

bone pain

spondylodynia (spondylo/dynia)

vertebra pain

tibialgia (tibi/algia)

tibia (shin) pain

ankylosis (ankyl/osis)

joint stiffness (stiff condition)

arthralgia

joint pain

cervicodynia

neck pain

crepitation

a crackling sound heard in joints

genu valgum

knock-kneed (knees pointed in)

genu varum

bowlegged (knees bowed out)

bradykinesia (brady/kinesia)

slow movement

dystaxia (dys/taxia)

bad coordination

dystonia (dys/tonia)

poor muscle tone

graphospasm

writer’s cramp (write/involuntary contraction)

hyperkinesia

increase in muscle movement (over movement)

hypertonia

increased muscle tone or tightness

hypokinesia

decrease in muscle movement

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia (my/asthenia)

muscle weakness

tenalgia

tendon pain

arthrocentesis

joint/puncture

arthroscope

joint/instrument to look

arthroscopy

joint/procedure to look

electromyogram

electricity/muscle/record

electromyography

electricity/muscle/writing procedure

myography

muscle/writing procedure

arthrogram

joint/record

arthrography

joint/writing procedure

CAT or CT

computed axial tomography (axis/pertaining to cut/writing procedure)

kyphosis

bent/condition

lordosis

bent backward/condition

scoliosis

crooked/condtion

carpitis

wrist/inflammation

craniomalacia

skull/softening

exostosis

out/bone/condition

fracture

a bone break

osteodystrophy

bone/bad/nourishment

osteolysis

bone/loss

osteonecrosis

bone/death/condition

osteosclerosis

bone/hardening/condition

polydactyly

many/finger/condition

spondylitis

vertebrae/inflammation

spondylomalacia

vertebrae/softening

syndactyly

together/finger/condition (fusion of the fingers or toes)

tarsoptosis

ankle/drooping condition (flat feet)

bursolith

bursa/stone

effusion

out/poor (fluid buildup)

hemarthrosis

blood/joint/condition

hydrarthrosis

water/joint/condition

pyarthrosis

pus/joint/condition

atrophy

no/nourishment

hypertrophy

over/nourishment

myocele

muscle/hernia

myolysis

muscle/loss